Rescue archaeology, sometimes called preventive archaeology, salvage archaeology, or commercial archaeology is archaeological survey and excavation carried out in areas threatened by, or revealed by, construction or other land development. These conditions could include, but are not limited to, highway projects, major construction, the flood plain of a proposed dam, or even before the onset of war. Unlike traditional survey and excavation, rescue archaeology must be undertaken at speed. Rescue archaeology is included in the broader category of cultural resource management (CRM).
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—Jeannette Rankin (1880–1973)