Recombination may refer to:
- Genetic recombination, the process by which genetic material is broken and joined to other genetic material
- Recombination (physics), in semiconductors, the elimination of mobile charge carriers (electrons and holes)
- Crossover (genetic algorithm), also called recombination
- Plasma recombination, the formation of neutral atoms from the capture of free electrons by the cations in a plasma
- Recombination (cosmology), the time at which protons and electrons formed neutral hydrogen in the timeline of the Big Bang
- Recombination (chemistry), the opposite of dissociation