Causes
Substances that may cause dependence or abuse can be classified based on their given effects on the brain and nervous system.
- Stimulants increase activity in the cerebral cortex leading to increased motor activity.
- Cocaine
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i.e.: Prozac)
- Amphetamines
- Methamphetamines
- Caffeine
- Depressants slow down neuronal activity.
- Benzodiazepines (i.e.: Xanax)
- Opioids activate or block opiod receptors in the brain typically to reduce the effect of pain. Some common opioids are:
- Morphine
- Methadone
- Opium
- Heroin
- Alcohol produces disinhibition in the nervous system when introduced, and it depresses the frontal cortex while speeding up the rest of the brain. This can lead to decreased ability to perceive and evaluate risks and make good decisions, and other characteristics of what is commonly known as intoxication.
- Nicotine is neither a stimulant nor a depressant but rather a chemical that is absorbed by the skin and mucous membranes and activates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Read more about this topic: Recidivism (medicine)