Calculation Based On Quantum Electrodynamics
For quantum electrodynamical calculation, we should introduce the creation and annihilation operators from second quantization of quantum mechanics.
Let
- is a creation operator and
- is an annihilation operator.
Then the beat note becomes
- for V-type and
- for -type,
when the state vector for each type is
- and
- .
The beat note term becomes
- for V-type and
- for -type.
By orthogonality of eigenstates, however and .
Therefore, there is a beat note term for V-type atoms, but not for -type atoms.
Read more about this topic: Quantum Beats
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