Consonants
Below is an International Phonetic Alphabet representation of the northern Qiang language Qugu's (曲谷，pinyin: Qugu) consonants.
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Voiceless | Unaspirated | p | t | k | q | ʔ | |||
| Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||||||
| Voiced | Unaspirated | b | d | ɡ | ||||||
| Voiceless | Unaspirated | ts | ʈʂ | tɕ | ||||||
| Aspirated | tsʰ | ʈʂʰ | tɕʰ | |||||||
| Voiced | Unaspirated | dz | ɖʐ | dʑ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ||||||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f/ɸ | s | ɬ | ʂ | ɕ | x | χ | h | |
| Voiced | z | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ | ʁ | ɦ | ||||
| Approximant | w | |||||||||
Read more about this topic: Qiangic Languages, Phonology