Psycho-oncology - Pediatric Psycho-oncology

Pediatric Psycho-oncology

Pediatric psycho-oncolology is a sub-field of psychological research and practice that lies at the intersection of psycho-oncololgy and pediatric psychology. It is primarily concerned with improving psychosocial outcomes among children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with cancer.

Advances in the treatment of pediatric cancers has resulted in significant gains in 5 year survival rates, increasing from 58.6% (1974-1976) to 78.9% (1995-2001) However, even after successfully completing treatment, concerns remain about the quality of life of youth diagnosed with cancer. One domain of functioning that is of particular concern is that of peer relationships. A recurrent finding in the literature indicates difficulties in social interaction for youth diagnosed with cancer; with a recent meta-analysis indicating an effect size of 0.58 for social problems. Survivors of childhood cancer have been identified as being more socially isolated and withdrawn than their peers or siblings as well as engage in less than half the number of social activities as their peers. Impairments in social functioning are particularly important given the impact of this domain on other areas of functioning, including overall social, emotional and cognitive growth. Poorer social functioning in youth (as demonstrated by fewer peer relationships, relationships of lower quality, isolation, and/or peer rejection) has been associated with: depressive symptoms, school dropout, and lower economic success in adulthood.