Phase Difference
As described above, the phase difference across the diaphragm gives rise to the pressure difference that moves the diaphragm. This phase difference increases with frequency as the difference in path length becomes a larger portion of the wavelength of the sound. This frequency dependence is offset by damping the diaphragm 6 dB per octave to achieve a flat frequency response (but this is not germane to the proximity effect so nothing more will be said about it here). The point to be made regarding the frequency dependency is that the phase difference across the diaphragm is the smallest at low frequencies.
Read more about this topic: Proximity Effect (audio)
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