Pronunciation Respelling Key - Consonants

Consonants

Respelling symbol Example IPA symbol(s) Notes
b but, web /b/
ch church, nature /tʃ/
d do, odd /d/
dh this, father, breathe /ð/ This sound is similar to th /θ/, but voiced.
f fool, enough, leaf /f/
g or gh go, beg, ghee /ɡ/ Not as in gem or gin, which is j /dʒ/. For legibility, ghee is used instead of gee in a few articles.
h ham, ahead /h/
j gin, joy, edge /dʒ/
k cat, kiss, skin, quick /k/
kh loch /x/ Pronounced like k by many speakers
l left, bell /l/
m man, ham /m/
n no, tin /n/
ng ring, singer, sink /ŋ/ Not the sound in finger, which is ng-g /ŋɡ/.
ng-g finger /ŋɡ/
p pen, spin, tip /p/
r run, very /r/
s or ss see, city, pass /s/ Not as in rose, which is z /z/. Use ss in positions where single s is normally /z/ in English, such as the end of a word after a vowel or a voiced consonant: for example, transliterate "ice" as eyess, not eyes and "tense" as tenss, not tens.
sh she, sure, emotion, leash /ʃ/
t two, sting, bet /t/
th thing, teeth /θ/
v voice, have /v/
w we, quick /w/
wh what /hw/ In many dialects, people substitute w for this sound.
y yes /j/
z zoo, rose, lens /z/
zh pleasure, vision, beige /ʒ/ Speakers generally substitute j /dʒ/ for this sound at the beginning of a word, except in proper names such as Zsa Zsa.

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