Number Theory
- The normal number theorem (1909), due to Émile Borel, could be one of the first examples of the probabilistic method, providing the first proof of existence of normal numbers, with the help of the first version of the strong law of large numbers (see also the first item of the section Analysis).
- The Rogers–Ramanujan identities are proved using Markov chains. A non-probabilistic proof was available earlier.
Read more about this topic: Probabilistic Proofs Of Non-probabilistic Theorems
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