Secondary Sources
- Istihsan
- Masali Mursala
- Ihsaan (spiritual excellence, virtue)
- Istidlaal
- Urf (local custom or pre-existing law)
- Aql (reason or intellect)
- Sadd al-dharai
- Shara man qablana
- Ijma al-ummah (consensus of the worldwide Muslim community)
- Ijma khulafah al-rashideen (consensus of the first four caliphs)
- Ijma ahl al-medina (consensus of the Muslims of Medina, as reflected in early hadith collections, e. g. the Muwatta of Anas bin Malik)
- Ijma al-ullama (consensus of scholars of Islamic law)
- Ijma ahl al-hali wa al-aqd
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