Polonia (Elgar) - History

History

On 13 April 1915 the Polish conductor Emil Młynarski asked Elgar to compose something, thinking of how Elgar's Carillon had been a recent tribute to Belgium, but this time using Polish national music.

The piece was mainly Elgar's own work, but he included quotations from the Warszawianka and other Polish patriotic songs, the Polish National Anthem, and themes by Frédéric Chopin and Ignacy Jan Paderewski.

It was first performed at the Polish Victims' Relief Fund Concert in the Queen's Hall, London on 6 July 1915, with the orchestra conducted by the composer. The Relief Fund was a worldwide effort, organised by Paderewski and Henryk Sienkiewicz, in aid of refugees from the terrible conflict in Poland between the forces of Russia and Germany. There were elaborately engraved programmes, each tied with a red and white ribbon, containing messages from Paderewski. Elgar conducted his première and Thomas Beecham conducted the remainder of the concert.

Elgar dedicated Polonia to Paderewski, already a distinguished pianist and composer. Paderewski had written his own "Polonia" in 1908, his Symphony in B minor, to which he had given that subtitle.

On 29 August 1915, Elgar wrote to Paderewski, asking for permission for the quotation from his Fantasie Polonaise to be published:

"My dear Friend, "I hope you are well & that your great work is progressing as you wish: you have our deepest sympathy & the greatest hopes for the future. "For the Polish Concert in July I composed an orchestra piece 'Polonia' as a small personal tribute to you; founded upon some Polish themes the work had success: in the middle section I have brought in remote & I trust with poetic effect a theme of Chopin & with it a theme of your own from the Polish Fantasia linking the two greatest names in Polish music - Chopin & Paderewski. I hope that you will one day hear the piece &, it may be, approve. "My publisher asks me to bring the passage to your notice ...etc. about 16 bars & to ask you if you will give permission for the theme to be quoted when the score is printed: we are very anxious to know that you will not object to this & shall be glad of a reply as early as you can conveniently find. "We are in great hopes that you will return to England soon & be assured that the warmest welcome is for you. "With love and reverence, Your friend, Edward Elgar "P.S. I wished to quote a theme from you and the one chosen was suggested by our friend Mrs. C. Stuart Wortley - whose choice can never be wrong."

Paderewski received the work with genuine admiration. He wrote to Elgar after hearing the work for a second time in October:

"I heard your noble composition, my beloved Polonia, on two different occasions: deeply touched by the graciousness of your friendly thought, and profoundly moved by the exquisite beauty of your work, I write you a letter of sincere and affectionate appreciation".