Elevation Measurements
For years, Pico das Agulhas Negras was thought to be the highest mountain in Brazil. The title later went to Pico da Bandeira, in the Caparaó range between the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo (now known to be at 2,892 m or 9,488 ft). In 1965, it was found that Pico da Neblina, in Amazonas state, was in fact the highest at 2,994 metres (9,823 ft).
Even then, Pico das Agulhas Negras was still thought to be the highest peak in the Mantiqueira Mountains, until a 2001 GPS measurement (later confirmed by an official joint expedition of the Brazilian army and the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics) showed that nearby Pedra da Mina was that mountain range's highest point. Pico das Agulhas Negras remains the highest point in Rio de Janeiro state.
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“Give the slave the least elevation of religious sentiment, and he is not slave: you are the slave: he not only in his humility feels his superiority, feels that much deplored condition of his to be a fading trifle, but he makes you feel it too. He is the master.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)