Physical Dependence - Drugs That Cause Physical Dependence

Drugs That Cause Physical Dependence

  • All µ-opioids with any (even slight) agonist effect, such as (partial list) morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine, methadone, and fentanil, but not agonists specific to non-µ opioid receptors, such as salvinorin A (a k-opioid agonist), nor opioid antagonists or inverse agonists, such as naltrexone (a universal opioid inverse agonist)
  • All GABA agonists and positive allosteric modulators of both the GABA-A ionotropic receptor and GABA-B metabotropic receptor subunits, of which the following drugs are examples (partial list):
    • barbiturates such as phenobarbital, sodium thiopental and secobarbital
    • benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and alprazolam (Xanax) (see benzodiazepine dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome)
    • nonbenzodiazepines (z-drugs) such as zopiclone and zolpidem.
    • ethyl alcohol (alcoholic beverage) (cf. alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens)
    • gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and 1,4-butanediol
    • carisoprodol (Soma) and related carbamates (tybamate and meprobamate)
    • baclofen (Lioresal) and its non-chlorinated analogue phenibut
    • chloral hydrate
    • glutethimide
    • clomethiazole
    • methaqualone (Quaalude)
  • gabapentin (Neurontin) and pregabalin (Lyrica), calcium channel modifiers that affect GABA
  • antiepileptic drugs such as valproate, lamotrigine, tiagabine, vigabatrin, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, and topiramate
  • possibly neuroleptic drugs such as clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, thioridazine, etc.
  • commonly prescribed antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (cf. SSRI/SNRI withdrawal syndrome)
  • Nicotine
  • blood pressure medications, including beta blockers such as propanolol and alpha-adrenergic agonists such as clonidine
  • androgenic-anabolic steroids
  • glucocorticoids
  • Cocaine

Drugs such as amphetamines (including methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA)), cathinone, hallucinogens (such as LSD, psilocin, and mescaline), cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol) do not cause physical dependency/physical addiction,

Read more about this topic:  Physical Dependence

Famous quotes containing the words drugs, physical and/or dependence:

    “To possess your soul in patience, with all the skin and some of the flesh burnt off your face and hands, is a job for a boy compared with the pains of a man who has lived pretty long in the exhilarating world that drugs or strong waters seem to create and is trying to live now in the first bald desolation created by knocking them off.”
    —C.E. (Charles Edward)

    “Self-esteem is as important to our well-being as legs are to a table. It is essential for physical and mental health and for happiness.”
    —Louise Hart (20th century)

    “... the whole Wilsonian buncombe ... its ideational hollowness, its ludicrous strutting and bombast, its heavy dependence upon greasy and meaningless words, its frequent descents to mere sound and fury, signifying nothing.”
    —H.L. (Henry Lewis)