Patoka may refer to:
- in the United States
- Patoka, Illinois, a village in Marion County
- Patoka, Indiana, a town Gibson County
- Patoka Township, Gibson County, Indiana
- Patoka River, in Indiana
- USS Patoka (AO-9), a US Navy ship
- USCGC Patoka, a Coast Guard Buoy Tender
- in Poland
- Patoka, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
- Patoka, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)