Related Patterns
- ENSO tends to lead PDO/IPO cycling.
- Shifts in the IPO change the location and strength of ENSO activity. The South Pacific Convergence Zone moves northeast during El Niño and southwest during La Niña events. The same movement takes place during positive IPO and negative IPO phases respectively. (Folland et al., 2002)
- Interdecadal temperature variations in China are closely related to those of the NAO and the NPO.
- The amplitudes of the NAO and NPO increased in the 1960s and interannual variation patterns changed from 3–4 years to 8–15 years.
- Sea level rise is affected when large areas of water warm and expand, or cool and contract.
Read more about this topic: Pacific Decadal Oscillation
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