The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Optional protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict to the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Annex I of a resolution (54/263) on 25 May 2000.
The protocol came into force on 12 February 2002.
The protocol requires that ratifying governments ensure that while their armed forces can accept volunteers below the age of 18, they can not be conscripted and "States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities". Non-state actors and guerrilla forces are forbidden from recruiting anyone under the age of 18 for any purpose. Currently, 142 states are party to the protocol and another 23 states have signed but not ratified it.
Read more about Optional Protocol On The Involvement Of Children In Armed Conflict: ICRC Commentary, National Responses
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—Judith Viorst (20th century)
“What causes adolescents to rebel is not the assertion of authority but the arbitrary use of power, with little explanation of the rules and no involvement in decision-making. . . . Involving the adolescent in decisions doesn’t mean that you are giving up your authority. It means acknowledging that the teenager is growing up and has the right to participate in decisions that affect his or her life.”
—Laurence Steinberg (20th century)
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—William James (1843–1916)
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—Henry Miller (1891–1980)
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—New York State Division of Youth Newsletter (20th century)