Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
There are many reactions in organic chemistry that involve this type of mechanism. Common examples include
- Organic reductions with hydrides, for example
-
- R-X → R-H using LiAlH4 (SN2)
- hydrolysis reactions such as
-
- R-Br + OH− → R-OH + Br− (SN2) or
- R-Br + H2O → R-OH + HBr (SN1)
- Williamson ether synthesis
-
- R-Br + OR'− → R-OR' + Br− (SN2)
- The Wenker synthesis, a ring-closing reaction of aminoalcohols.
- The Finkelstein reaction, a halide exchange reaction. Phosphorus nucleophiles appear in the Perkow reaction and the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction.
- The Kolbe nitrile synthesis, the reaction of alkyl halides with cyanides.
Read more about this topic: Nucleophilic Substitution
Famous quotes containing the words substitution and/or reactions:
“Virtue is the adherence in action to the nature of things, and the nature of things makes it prevalent. It consists in a perpetual substitution of being for seeming, and with sublime propriety God is described as saying, I A—.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“Prolonged, indiscriminate reviewing of books is a quite exceptionally thankless, irritating and exhausting job. It not only involves praising trash but constantly inventing reactions towards books about which one has no spontaneous feeling whatever.”
—George Orwell (1903–1950)