Japanese Particles
Just as in Korean, noun particles follow the noun being marked, and can serve any of several functions in a given sentence.
- Example #1: 昨日スーパーへ行きました。? (Yesterday, I went to the supermarket.)
- Kinoo suupaa e ikimashita.
In this example, "e" is the noun particle for "suupaa" ("supermarket"). This particular noun particle denotes direction towards a place, being "supermarket."
- Example #2: 昼ごはんは私がピザを食べた。(I ate pizza for lunch. lit. As for lunch, I ate pizza.)
- Hirugohan wa watashi ga piza o tabeta.
The three noun particles ("wa," "ga," and "o") all serve different functions:
- "wa" - topic marker ("hirugohan" - lunch)
- "ga" - subject marker ("watashi" - I)
- "o" - object marker ("piza" - pizza)
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—Paul Theroux (b. 1941)
“In another’s sentences the thought, though it may be immortal, is as it were embalmed, and does not strike you, but here it is so freshly living, even the body of it not having passed through the ordeal of death, that it stirs in the very extremities, and the smallest particles and pronouns are all alive with it. It is not simply dictionary it, yours or mine, but IT.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)