Near-open Central Vowel - Occurrence

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic Standard قطة 'cat' Allophone of long and short /a/ before a word boundary. See Arabic phonology
Bulgarian ъгъл 'angle' See Bulgarian language
Catalan Barcelona
metropolitan area
se 'itself' Typically transcribed as /ə/. See Catalan phonology
Chinese Cantonese 心 sam1 'heart' See Cantonese phonology
Danish spiser 'eat(s)' (present) See Danish phonology
Dawsahak 'to give'
Dutch Limburg letter 'letter' Not all dialects. Corresponds to /ər/ in standard Dutch. See Dutch phonology
The Hague
English California nut 'nut' ⟨ʌ⟩ may be used to transcribe this vowel as it corresponds to /ʌ/ in some other dialects. In South Africa it may be as open as for some speakers. See English phonology
New Zealand
RP
South African
Inland North America bet 'bet' Variation of /ɛ/ used in some places whose accents have undergone the Northern cities vowel shift.
German oder 'or' Reduced vowel. See German phonology
Korean 발 'foot' More often transcribed with ⟨a⟩. See Korean phonology
Portuguese Fluminense cana-de-açúcar 'sugarcane' In complementary distribution with /a/. Raised to in other variants (where it is a phoneme). See Portuguese phonology
General Brazilian
European pão 'bread' Stressed vowel, mostly as a phonemic nasal vowel (when not followed by a nasal stop). Raised otherwise
Russian голова 'head' Occurs mostly immediately before stressed syllables. See Russian phonology
Vietnamese ăn 'to eat' See Vietnamese phonology

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