Calculating Muzzle Energy
Care must be taken when using this formula that consistent units are used.
- In SI units:
- If the mass, m, is in kilograms and the speed, v, is in metres per second, the calculated muzzle energy, Ek, will be in joules.
- If the mass, m, is in grams and the speed, v, is in kilometres per second, the calculated muzzle energy, Ek, will be in kilojoules.
- In American engineering units:
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- Mass, m, is usually given in grains and the speed, v, in feet per second but kinetic energy, Ek, is typically given in foot-pound force (abbreviated ft-lbf). Most sporting arms publications within the United States report muzzle energies in foot-pound force. If m is specified in grains and v in feet per second, the following equation can be used, which gives the energy in foot-pound force:
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- When publishing kinetic energy tables for small arms ammunition, an acceleration due to gravity of 32.163 ft/s2 rather than the standard of 32.1739 ft/s2 is used. The formula therefore becomes
The bullet energy, remaining energy, down range energy and impact energy of a projectile may also be calculated using the above equations.
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