Present Day
The modern pigment sold as "Mummy Brown" is composed of a mixture of kaolin, quartz, goethite and hematite, the hematite and goethite (generally 60% of the content) determining the color - the more hematite the redder the pigment - with the others being inert substances that can vary the opacity or tinting strength. The color of Mummy brown can vary from yellow to red to dark violet, the latter usually called "Mummy Violet".
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