Mongol Invasion Of Rus'
The Mongol Empire invaded Kievan Rus' in the 13th century, destroying numerous cities including Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir and Kiev.
This campaign, part of the Mongol invasion of Europe, was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River (1223) which resulted in a Mongol victory over forces of several Rus' principalities. Nevertheless, the Mongols retreated. Batu Khan's full-scale invasion of Rus' occurred from 1237 to 1240; the campaign was ended by a Mongol succession crisis. All Russian states had to submit to Mongol rule and became part of the Golden Horde empire; some of it lasted until 1480.
The invasion, facilitated by the beginning breakup of Kievan Rus' in the 12th century, had incalculable ramifications for the history of Eastern Europe, including the division of the East Slavic people into three separate nations (modern day Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus) and the rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
Read more about Mongol Invasion Of Rus': Background, Invasion of Batu Khan, The Age of Tatar Rule, Impact On Development, Influence On Rus' Society, Successors of The Golden Horde
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—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)