History
The Ministry of External Relations has three relevant moments that defined it as the institution that would be later established. The first one was the signature of the 1750 Spanish-Portuguese treaty, which re-established the borders set in the Treaty of Tordesillas. This moment was not a foreign issue policy of Brazil per se, instead being a pursuit of interests by the Portuguese in their largest colony. There was, however, a notable Brazilian in the diplomatic corp, Alexandre de Gusmão, who directed the Portuguese foreign policy of trying to separate the Americas from the subject of European successions. The height of Gusmão's diplomatic effort was the signing of the Treaty of Madrid of 1750, in which the territorial issues in South America were resolved.
The second relevant historic moment was the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil in 1808 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, when the capital of the Portuguese Empire and all its bureaucracy was transferred to Rio de Janeiro. The transfer of the Portuguese Court heavily influenced the Brazilian institutions that would later form.
Finally, there was the participation of the Ministry of External Relations in the process of recognition of Brazilian independence. This moment's relevance surpassed the creation of Brazilian diplomatic institutions and tested for the first time the negotiation skills of Emperor Peter I's diplomatic corp, who were able to have recognition from all world powers.
From that moment on and since its inception in 1822, the Itamaraty defined some of its basic principles of action such as the pacific resolution of principles and non-intervention. With the conclusion of World War II and the creation of the United Nations in 1945 the Ministry consolidated Brazilian presence in international forums.
Notable diplomats in the history of the Itamaraty include the Viscount of Uruguay, the Baron of Rio Branco and Osvaldo Aranha.
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