Production
Bacteria from the genera Aerobacter, Acetobacter, Achromobacter, Agrobacterium, Alacaligenes, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Sarcina synthesize cellulose. However, only the Gluconacetobacter produce enough cellulose to justify commercial interest. The most extensively studied species is Gluconacetobacter xylinus, formerly known as Acetobacter xylinum and since reclassified into a different genus.
G. xylinus extrudes glucan chains from pores into the growth medium. These aggregate into microfibrils, which bundle to form microbial cellulose ribbons. Various kinds of sugars are used as substrate. Production occurs mostly at the interface of liquid and air.
Read more about this topic: Microbial Cellulose
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“Just as modern mass production requires the standardization of commodities, so the social process requires standardization of man, and this standardization is called equality.”
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“In the production of the necessaries of life Nature is ready enough to assist man.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)