The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (P.L. 66-261) is a United States federal statute that regulates maritime commerce in U.S. waters and between U.S. ports. Section 27, better known as the Jones Act, deals with cabotage (i.e., coastal shipping) and requires that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried in U.S.-flag ships, constructed in the United States, owned by U.S. citizens, and crewed by U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. As global trade increased and the ability to finance overseas corporations correspondingly increased, there appeared loopholes in US Law by which large shipping and maritime companies could circumvent US Labor and Trade laws and regulations by using cheap labor, impressed labor, and even indentured labor from poor undeveloped countries as well as build ships using similar labor, thereby lowering costs whilst capturing the profit differential at the expense of US shipbuilders and sailors. Consequently, the purpose of the law is to support the U.S. maritime industry.
In addition, amendments to the Jones Act, known as the Cargo Preference Act (P.L. 83-644), provide permanent legislation for the transportation of waterborne cargoes in U.S.-flag vessels. As the lobbying power of large multinational corporations increased, the Merchant Marine Act of 1920 has been revised a number of times to end these Protectionism measures, the most recent and thorough revision was the recodified version of 2006.
Read more about Merchant Marine Act Of 1920: Cabotage, Seaman's Rights, Criticism, Support, Waivers of Shipping Act Provisions
Famous quotes containing the words merchant marine, merchant, marine and/or act:
“People run away from the name subsidy. It is a subsidy. I am not afraid to call it so. It is paid for the purpose of giving a merchant marine to the whole country so that the trade of the whole country will be benefitted thereby, and the men running the ships will of course make a reasonable profit.... Unless we have a merchant marine, our navy if called upon for offensive or defensive work is going to be most defective.”
—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)
“People run away from the name subsidy. It is a subsidy. I am not afraid to call it so. It is paid for the purpose of giving a merchant marine to the whole country so that the trade of the whole country will be benefitted thereby, and the men running the ships will of course make a reasonable profit.... Unless we have a merchant marine, our navy if called upon for offensive or defensive work is going to be most defective.”
—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)
“God has a hard-on for a Marine because we kill everything we see. He plays His game, we play ours.”
—Stanley Kubrick (b. 1928)
“Remember how often you have postponed minding your interest, and let slip those opportunities the gods have given you. It is now high time to consider what sort of world you are part of, and from what kind of governor of it you are descended; that you have a set period assigned you to act in, and unless you improve it to brighten and compose your thoughts, it will quickly run off with you, and be lost beyond recovery.”
—Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121–180)