A matrix grammar is a formal grammar in which instead of single productions, productions are grouped together into finite sequences. A production cannot be applied separately, it must be applied in sequence. In the application of such a sequence of productions, the rewriting is done in accordance to the each production in sequence, the first one, second one etc. till the last production has been used for rewriting. The sequences are referred to as matrices.
Matrix grammar is an extension of context-free grammar, and one instance of a Controlled grammar.
Read more about Matrix Grammar: Formal Definition, Example
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