Margulies is a surname that, like its variants shown below, is derived from the Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation of the Hebrew word מרגליות (Israeli Hebrew ), meaning 'pearls,' and may refer to:
- Ben Margulies, songwriter and record producer
- David Margulies (born 1937), American actor
- Donald Margulies, American playwright
- Jimmy Margulies, award-winning editorial cartoonist
- Joseph Margulies (1896-1984), a Vienna-born American painter and printmaker
- Joseph Margulies, American attorney and law professor
- Julianna Margulies, (born 1966), American actress
- Leo Margulies, American editor and publisher
- Martin Margulies (born 1948), real name of American musician/film producer Johnny Legend
- Samuel Hirsch Margulies (1858-1922), rabbi and Jewish scholar
It is not obvious why Ian Rankin chose Margulies as the name of an old Scottish Christian family in his novel Dead Souls.