Mandelstam or Mandelshtam (Russian: Мандельштам) is a Russian Jewish surname which may refer to:
- Leonid Mandelstam (1879–1944), Russian theoretical physicist
- Mandel'shtam (crater), lunar crater named for Leonid Mandelstam
- Nadezhda Mandelstam (1899–1980), Russian writer, wife of Osip Mandelstam
- Osip Mandelstam (1891–1938), Russian poet
- Stanley Mandelstam (b. 1928), South African-born particle physicist
- Mandelstam variables, relativistically invariant representation for particle scattering, introduced by Stanley Mandelstam
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