Mallas in The Present-day India
By the time of Manusmiriti composition, Malla were treated as degraded race of Kshatriyas by orthodox Brahmins and Kshatriyas of Kuru-Panchala due to following of anti-Vedic faith Buddhism. According to historians such as P.C. Mukherjee, Rahul Sankrityayan, Harinandan Pandey, Rajbali Pandey, Raghunath Chand Kaushik, Tripatkacharya Mahopadhyaya Bikshu Buddhamitra and Kumar Suresh Singh who have conducted extensive research on kshatriya tribes of Buddha period, hold the view that present day Sainthwar (Santhavara) community of Gorakhpur, Deoria, Kushinagara and adjoining districts of eastern Uttarpradesh carries the Buddhist legacy of ancient Santhagra kshatriyas, mainly the Malla of Kusinara and Koliyas of Ramagrama along with some Shakyas of Kapilvastu and Mauryas of Pipphalivana. On the other hand, their other sub-branch who are known as "Malla" carries the Buddhist legacy of ancient Mallas of P . Mainly Mallas are known as the Bisen at this time. Bir Sen is considered as first person of Bisen rajput clan. The 80th descendents of Bisva Sen was Hardeo Sen who got the title of Malla from Delhi kings on account of his bravery in 11th century. Majhauli Malla claims that Hardeo Sen accepted the title of Malla happily as Surajprabha, mother of Bisvasen was from ancient Malla dynasty. The second theory put by Buddhist scholar and Madhuban Malla (branch of Majhauli) is that Bisva Sen was born to non-Buddhist Malla prince and Mauryan princess. However, Majhauli do not find any mention in history before Akbar period.
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