East Indonesian Malay
The creoles of eastern Indonesia appear to have formed as Malays and Javanese, using lingua franca Malay, established their monopoly on the spice trade before the European colonial era. They have a number of features in common:
- ə becomes a, e, or assimilates to the following vowel
- i, u lower to e, o in some environments
- there is a loss of final plosives p, t, k, and the neutralization of final nasals in part of the lexicon
- the perfective marker sudah reduces to su or so
For example,
- makan becomes makang
- pergi becomes pigi or pi
- terkejut becomes takajo
- lembut becomes lombo
- dapat becomes dapa
Bacan is perhaps the most archaic, and appears to be closely related to Brunei Malay (which is not a creole).
Read more about this topic: Malay Trade And Creole Languages
Famous quotes containing the words east and/or indonesian:
“The current of our thoughts made as sudden bends as the river, which was continually opening new prospects to the east or south, but we are aware that rivers flow most rapidly and shallowest at these points.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“The inference is, that God has restated the superiority of the West. God always does like that when a thousand white people surround one dark one. Dark people are always “bad” when they do not admit the Divine Plan like that. A certain Javanese man who sticks up for Indonesian Independence is very lowdown by the papers, and suspected of being a Japanese puppet.”
—Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960)