Lithium Niobate - Growth

Growth

Single crystals of lithium niobate can be grown using the Czochralski process.

After a crystal is grown, it is sliced into wafers of different orientation. Common orientations are Z-cut, X-cut, Y-cut, and cuts with rotated angles of the previous axes.

Read more about this topic:  Lithium Niobate

Famous quotes containing the word growth:

    “The risk for a woman who considers her helpless children her “job” is that the children’s growth toward self-sufficiency may be experienced as a refutation of the mother’s indispensability, and she may unconsciously sabotage their growth as a result.”
    —Letty Cottin Pogrebin (20th century)

    “We already have the statistics for the future: the growth percentages of pollution, overpopulation, desertification. The future is already in place.”
    —Günther Grass (b. 1927)

    “Of all the wastes of human ignorance perhaps the most extravagant and costly to human growth has been the waste of the distinctive powers of womanhood after the child-bearing age.”
    —Anna Garlin Spencer (1851–1931)