Middle East
- Adiabene
- Helena, Queen of Adiabene (30–58)
- Izates bar Monobaz, King of Adiabene (34–55)
- Armenia – Orodes, King of Armenia (Parthian protectorate) (35, 37–42)
- Characene – Attambalos III, King of Characene (37–45)
- Commagene
- Interregnum – Roman rule (17–38)
- Antiochus IV, King of Commagene (38, 41–72)
- Interregnum – Roman rule (38–41)
- Nabatea – Aretas IV Philopatris, King of Nabatea (9 BC–40 AD)
- Osroene – Abgar V of Edessa, King of Osroene (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)
- Parthian Empire
- Artabanus II, Great King (Shah) of Parthia (10–35, 36–38)
- Interregnum (38–40)
- Pontus
- Pythodorida, King of Pontus (8 BC–38 AD)
- Polemon II, King of Pontus (38–64)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 38
Famous quotes containing the words middle and/or east:
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—Robert Runcie (b. 1921)
“The very nursery tales of this generation were the nursery tales of primeval races. They migrate from east to west, and again from west to east; now expanded into the “tale divine” of bards, now shrunk into a popular rhyme.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)