List of State Leaders in 1896 - Europe

Europe

  • Andorra
    • Co-Princes -
      • French Co-Prince - Félix Fauré, President of France (1895–1899)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
    • First Syndics - Bonaventura Maestre (1893–1898) and Antoni Moles (1888–1897)
  • Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
    • Minister-President of Austria - Count Kasimir Felix von Badeni, Minister-President of Austria (1895–1897)
    • Minister-President of Hungary - Baron Dezső Bánffy, Minister-President of Hungary (1895–1899)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
    • Cabinet Chief -
      1. Jules de Burlet, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1894–1896)
      2. Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1896–1899, 1899–1907)
  • Bulgaria
    • Monarch - Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (1886–1918)
    • Prime Minister - Konstantin Stoilov (1894–1899)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863–1906)
    • Prime Minister - Kjeld Thor Tage Otto von Reedtz-Thott, Prime Minister of Denmark (1894–1897)
  • France -
    • President - Félix Fauré, President of France (1895–1899)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Léon Bourgeois, President of the Council (1895–1896)
      2. Jules Méline, President of the Council (1896–1898)
  • German Empire -
    • Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
    • Chancellor - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (1894–1900)
    • see also List of German rulers in 1896
  • Greece
    • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
    • Prime Minister - Theodoros Deligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece (1895–1897)
  • Italy
    • Monarch - Umberto I, King of Italy (1878–1900)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Francesco Crispi, Prime Minister of Italy (1893–1896)
      2. Marchese di Rudinì, Prime Minister of Italy (1896–1898)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890–1905)
    • Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
  • Netherlands
    • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
    • Regent - Emma, Regent (1890–1898)
    • Prime Minister - Joan Röell, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1894–1897)
  • Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Abdülhamit II, Sultan (1876–1909)
  • Portugal - Carlos, King of Portugal (1889–1908)
  • Russia - Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia (1894–1917)
  • Serbia -
    • Monarch - Aleksandar Obrenović V, King of Serbia (1889–1903)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Stojan Novaković, Prime Minister of Serbia (1895–1896, 1909)
      2. Đorđe Simić, Prime Minister of Serbia (1894, 1896–1897)
  • Spain -
    • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
    • Prime Minister - Antonio Cánovas Del Castillo, Prime Minister of Spain (1895–1897)
  • Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
    • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872–1907)
    • Prime Minister - Erik Gustaf Boström, Prime Minister of Sweden (1891–1900)
  • United Kingdom -
    • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
    • Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

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    riding flatcars to Fresno,
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    Gary Snyder (b. 1930)

    What passes for identity in America is a series of myths about one’s heroic ancestors. It’s astounding to me, for example, that so many people really seem to believe that the country was founded by a band of heroes who wanted to be free. That happens not to be true. What happened was that some people left Europe because they couldn’t stay there any longer and had to go someplace else to make it. They were hungry, they were poor, they were convicts.
    James Baldwin (1924–1987)

    Is not our role to stand for the one thing which means our own salvation here but with which it will also be possible to save the world, and with which Europe will be able to save itself, namely the preservation of the white man and his state?
    Hendrik Verwoerd (1901–1966)