List of State Leaders in 1888 - Europe

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince - Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887–1894)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic -
    1. Francesc Maestre, First Syndic of Andorra (1886–1888)
    2. Antoni Moles, First Syndic of Andorra (1888–1897)
• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe, Minister-President of Austria (1879–1893)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza, Minister-President of Hungary (1875–1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - August Beernaert, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1884–1894)
• Bulgaria
  • Monarch - Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (1886–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Stefan Stambolov (1887–1894)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jakob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup, Prime Minister of Denmark (1875–1894)
• France -
  • President - Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887–1894)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pierre Tirard, President of the Council (1887–1888)
    2. Charles Floquet, President of the Council (1888–1889)
• German Empire -
  • Monarch -
    1. Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1871–1888)
    2. Friedrich III, German Emperor (1888)
    3. Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany (1871–1890)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1888
• Greece
  • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister - Charilaos Trikoupis, Prime Minister of Greece (1886–1890)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Umberto I, King of Italy (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister - Francesco Crispi, Prime Minister of Italy (1887–1891)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Édouard Thilges, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1885–1888)
    2. Paul Eyschen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jan Heemskerk, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1874–1877, 1883–1888)
    2. Aeneas Mackay, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1888–1891)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Abdülhamit II, Sultan (1876–1909)
• Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
• Russia - Alexander III, Tsar of Russia (1881–1894)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister - Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Prime Minister of Spain (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
• Sweden -
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Robert Themptander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1884–1888)
  2. Gillis Bildt, Prime Minister of Sweden (1888–1889)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)