Europe
- Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822–1864)
- Andorra -
- Simó Rojas de Guardiola i Hortoneda, Bishop of Urgell (1828–1851)
- Louis-Philippe I, King of France (1830–1848)
- Austria - Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria (1835–1848)
- Chancellor - Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Chancellor of Austria (1821–1848)
- Bavaria -
- Monarch - Ludwig I, King of Bavaria (1825–1848)
- Prime Minister - Karl von Abel, Prime Minister of Bavaria (1837–1847)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1834–1840, 1846–1847)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Frederick VI, King of Denmark (1808–1839)
- Prime Minister - Otto Joachim, Minister of State of Denmark (1824–1842)
- France -
- Monarch - Louis Philippe, King of the French (1830–1848)
- Prime Minister - Louis-Mathieu Molé, Prime Minister of France (1836–1839)
- Greece - Otto, King of Greece (1832–1862)
- Hanover - Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (1837–1851)
- United Kingdom of the Netherlands - William I, King of the Netherlands (1815–1840)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Monarch - Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808–1839)
- Grand Vizier - Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1833–1839)
- Portugal - Maria II, Queen of Portugal (1826–1828, 1834–1853)
- Prussia -
- Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1797–1840)
- Chief Minister - Count Karl Friedrich Heinrich von Wylich, Chief Minister of Prussia (1823–1841)
- Russia - Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia (1825–1855)
- Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833–1868)
- Saxony - Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony (1836–1854)
- Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XIV, King of Sweden (1818–1844)
- Tuscany - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1824–1859)
- Two Sicilies - Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies (1830–1859)
- United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1835–1841)
- Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1838
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“No human being can tell what the Russians are going to do next, and I think the Japanese actions will depend much on what Russia decides to do both in Europe and the Far East—especially in Europe.”
—Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)
“All the terrors of the French Republic, which held Austria in awe, were unable to command her diplomacy. But Napoleon sent to Vienna M. de Narbonne, one of the old noblesse, with the morals, manners, and name of that interest, saying, that it was indispensable to send to the old aristocracy of Europe men of the same connection, which, in fact, constitutes a sort of free- masonry. M. de Narbonne, in less than a fortnight, penetrated all the secrets of the imperial cabinet.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“Is not our role to stand for the one thing which means our own salvation here but with which it will also be possible to save the world, and with which Europe will be able to save itself, namely the preservation of the white man and his state?”
—Hendrik Verwoerd (1901–1966)