List of State Leaders in 1661 - Europe

Europe

  • Crimean Khanate - Mehmed IV Giray (1654–1666)
  • Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Frederick III (1648–1670)
  • Kingdom of England - Charles II (1660–1685)
  • Kingdom of France - Louis XIV (1643–1715)
  • Republic of Genoa -
    1. Gian Bernardo Frugoni, Doge of Genoa (1660–1661)
    2. Antoniotto Invrea, Doge of Genoa (1661–1663)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Leopold I (1658–1705)
    • Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg - Victor Amadeus (1656–1718)
    • Principality of Anhalt-Dessau - John George II (1660–1693)
    • Principality of Anhalt-Harzgerode - Frederick (1653–1670)
    • Principality of Anhalt-Köthen - William Louis (1649–1665)
    • Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau -
      • Lebrecht, co-regent (1654–1665)
      • Emmanuel, co-regent (1653–1665)
    • Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst - John VI (1621–1667)
    • Duchy of Arenberg - Philip Francis (1640–1675)
    • Bishopric of Augsburg - Sigismund Franz (1646–1665)
    • Archduchy of Austria - Leopold VI (1657–1705)
    • Margraviate of Baden-Baden - William (1622–1677)
    • Margraviate of Baden-Durlach - Frederick VI (1659–1677)
    • Margraviate of Baden-Rodemachern - Hermann Fortunatus (1622–1664)
    • Bishopric of Bamberg - Philipp Valentin (1653–1672)
    • Bishopric of Basel - Johann Konrad I (1656–1693)
    • Electorate of Bavaria - Ferdinand Maria (1651–1679)
    • Berchtesgaden Provostry - Maximilian Heinrich (1650–1688)
    • Kingdom of Bohemia - Leopold I (1656–1705)
    • Electorate of Brandenburg - Frederick William (1640–1688)
    • Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach - Albert II (1634–1667)
    • Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth - Christian Ernst (1655–1712)
    • Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach - George Albert (1655–1666)
    • Bishopric of Brixen - Antonio Crusino (1647–1663)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Calenberg - George William (1648–1665)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Celle - Christian Louis (1648–1665)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel - Augustus the Younger (1635–1666)
    • Bishopric of Chur -
      1. Johann VI (1636–1661)
      2. Ulrich VI (1661–1692)
    • Archbishopric of Cologne - Maximilian Heinrich (1650–1688)
    • Bishopric of Constance - Johann Franz I (1645–1689)
    • Corvey Abbey -
      1. Arnold IV (1638–1661)
      2. Bernhard Christoph (1661–1678)
    • Bishopric of Eichstädt - Marquard II (1637–1685)
    • Ellwangen Abbey - Johann Christoph, Provost of Ellwangen (1660–1674)
    • Bishopric of Freising - Albrecht Sigismund (1652–1685)
    • Fulda monastery - Joachim, Abbot of Fulda (1644–1671)
    • Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt -
      1. George II (1626–1661)
      2. Louis VI (1661–1678)
    • Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) - William VI (1637–1663)
    • Bishopric of Hildesheim - Maximilian Heinrich (1650–1688)
    • Hohenzollern-Hechingen
      1. Eitel Frederick V, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623–1661)
      2. Philip Frederick Christopher, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1661–1671)
    • Imperial Ducal Abbey of Kempten - Romanus Bernhard Christoph (1639–1673)
    • Leuchtenberg - Albert VI, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg (1646–1666)
    • Prince-Bishopric of Liège - Maximilian Heinrich (1650–1688)
    • Duchy of Lorraine -
      1. Nicholas II (1634–1661)
      2. Charles IV (1661–1675)
    • Bishopric of Lübeck - Christian Albert (1655–1666)
    • Archbishopric of Mainz - Johann Philipp (1647–1673)
    • Bishopric of Münster - Bernhard Christoph (1650–1678)
    • Bishopric of Osnabrück -
      1. Franz Wilhelm (1648–1661)
      2. Ernst August (1661–1698)
    • Bishopric of Paderborn -
      1. Theodor Adolf (1650–1661)
      2. Ferdinand II (1661–1683)
    • Electorate of the Palatinate - Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (1648–1680)
    • Palatinate-Neuburg - Philip William, Count palatine of Neuburg (1653–1690)
    • Palatinate-Simmern - Louis Henry, Count palatine of Simmern (1655–1673)
    • Palatinate-Sulzbach - Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1632–1708)
    • Palatinate-Veldenz - Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1634–1694)
    • Palatinate-Zweibrücken -
      1. Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1635–1661)
      2. Frederick Louis, Count palatine of Zweibrücken (1661–1681)
    • Bishopric of Passau - Leopold Wilhelm (1625–1662)
    • Bishopric of Regensburg -
      1. Franz Wilhelm (1649–1661)
      2. Johann Georg (1661–1663)
    • Archbishopric of Salzburg - Guidobald (1654–1668)
    • Duchy of Savoy - Charles Emmanuel II (1637–1675)
    • Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg - Frederick William II (1639–1669)
    • Duchy of Saxe-Gotha - Ernest I (1640–1675)
    • Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg - Julius Henry (1656–1665)
    • Duchy of Saxe-Merseburg - Christian I (1656–1691)
    • Duchy of Saxe-Weimar - William (1620–1662)
    • Duchy of Saxe-Weissenfels - Augustus (1656–1680)
    • Duchy of Saxe-Zeitz - Maurice (1656–1681)
    • Electorate of Saxony - John George II (1656–1680)
    • Spanish Netherlands - Philip VII, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, etc. (1621–1665)
    • Bishopric of Speyer - Lothar Friedrich (1652–1675)
    • Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy - Franz I Egon, Abbot of Stablo and Malmedy (1657–1682)
    • Bishopric of Strassburg - Leopold Wilhelm (1626–1662)
    • Bishopric of Trent - Sigismund Franz (1659–1665)
    • Archbishopric of Trier - Karl Kaspar (1652–1676)
    • County of Tyrol - Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria (1632–1662)
    • Bishopric of Worms - Hugo Eberhard (1654–1663)
    • Duchy of Württemberg - Eberhard III (1628–1674)
    • Duchy of Württemberg-Mömpelgard - Leopold Frederick (1631–1662)
    • Bishopric of Würzburg - Johann Philipp (1642–1673)
  • Royal Hungary - Leopold I (1655–1705)
  • Kingdom of Ireland - Charles II (1660–1685)
  • Duchy of Mantua - Carlo III (1637–1665)
  • Duchy of Milan - Philip III (1621–1665)
  • Duchy of Modena - Alfonso IV (1658–1662)
  • Kingdom of Naples - Philip III (1621–1665)
  • Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
    • Sultan- Mehmet IV, the Hunter (1648–1687)
    • Grand Vizier
      1. Köprülü Mehmet Pasha (1565–1561)
      2. Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Pasha (1661–1676)
  • Papal States - Pope Alexander VII (1655–1677)
  • Duchy of Parma - Ranuccio II (1646–1694)
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
  • Kingdom of Portugal - Afonso VI (1656–1667)
  • Tsardom of Russia - Alexis I (1645–1676)
  • Kingdom of Scotland - Charles II (1649/1660–1685)
  • Kingdom of Sicily - Philip III (1621–1665)
  • Kingdom of Spain - Philip IV (1621–1665)
  • Swedish Empire - Charles XI (1660–1697)
  • Principality of Transylvania - Michael I Apafi (1632–1690)
  • Grand Duchy of Tuscany - Ferdinando II (1621–1670)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
  • Republic of Venice - Domenico II Contarini, Doge of Venice (1659–1674)

Read more about this topic:  List Of State Leaders In 1661

Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “In Europe an actor is an artist. In Hollywood, if he isn’t working, he’s a bum.”
    —Anthony Quinn (b. 1915)

    “What passes for identity in America is a series of myths about one’s heroic ancestors. It’s astounding to me, for example, that so many people really seem to believe that the country was founded by a band of heroes who wanted to be free. That happens not to be true. What happened was that some people left Europe because they couldn’t stay there any longer and had to go someplace else to make it. They were hungry, they were poor, they were convicts.”
    —James Baldwin (1924–1987)

    “Positively I sit here, and look at Europe sink, first one deck disappearing, then another, and the whole ship slowly plunging bow-down into the abyss; until the nightmare gets to be howling. The Roman Empire was a trifle to it.”
    —Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918)