List of State Leaders in 1651 - Europe

Europe

  • England - Rump Parliament (1649–1653)
  • France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
    • Bavaria -
      1. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1597–1651)
      2. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (1651–1679)
    • Brandenburg - Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1640–1688)
    • Brunswick-Celle - Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Celle (1648–1665)
    • Brunswick-Kalenberg - George William, Duke of Brunswick-Kalenberg (1648–1665)
    • Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel - Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1635–1666)
    • Cologne - Maximilian Henry, Elector of Cologne (1650–1688)
    • Mainz - Johann Philipp, Elector of Mainz (1647–1673)
    • Trier - Philipp Christoph, Elector of Trier (1623–1652)
    • Electorate of the Palatinate - Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (1648–1680)
    • Saxony - John George I, Elector of Saxony (1611–1656)
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire - Mehmet IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, King of Poland (1648–1668)
  • Russia - Alexis I, Tsar of Russia (1643–1676)
  • Savoy - Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638–1675)
  • Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
  • Sweden - Christina, Queen of Sweden (1632–1654)
  • Principality of Transylvania - George II Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania (1648–1657)
  • Tuscany - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1621–1670)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Grand Pensionary of Holland -
      1. Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)
      2. Adriaan Pauw (1631–1636, 1651–1653)

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