List of State Leaders in 1647 - Europe

Europe

  • England - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
    • Bavaria - Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1623–1651)
    • Brandenburg - Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg (1640–1688)
    • Lorraine - Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine (1634–1661)
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire - İbrahim, Ottoman Sultan (1640–1648)
  • Papal States - Innocent X, Pope (1644–1655)
  • Savoy - Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638–1675)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Stadtholder -
      1. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Gelre (1625–1647).
      2. William II, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Gelre (1647–1650).
      • Holland - Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)

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Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “The confrontation between America and Europe reveals not so much a rapprochement as a distortion, an unbridgeable rift. There isn’t just a gap between us, but a whole chasm of modernity.”
    —Jean Baudrillard (b. 1929)

    “Can we never extract the tapeworm of Europe from the brain of our countrymen?”
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    “We go to Europe to be Americanized.”
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