List of State Leaders in 1629 - Europe

Europe

  • Denmark-Norway - Christian IV, King of Denmark and King of Norway(1588–1648)
  • England - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610–1643)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637)
    • Bavaria - Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1597–1651)
    • Bremen, Prince-Archbishopric - John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1596–1634)
    • Lübeck, Prince-Bishopric - John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (1607–1634)
    • Verden, Prince-Bishopric - Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
  • Moldavia -
    1. Miron Barnovschi-Movila, Voivode of Moldavia (1626–1629)
    2. Alexandru Coconul, Voivode of Moldavia (1629–1630)
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire Murat IV, Ottoman Sultan (1623–1640)
  • Papal States - Urban VIII, Bishop of Rome (1623–1644)
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland (1587–1632)
  • Portugal - Philip III, King of Portugal (1621–1640)
  • Republic of Venice - Giovanni Cornaro, Doge of Venice (1624–1630)
  • Russia - Michael I, Tsar of Russia (1613–1645)
  • Scotland - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
  • Sweden - Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (1611–1632)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland(1625–1647)
      • Ernst Casimir, Stadtholder of Friesland (1620–1632) and Groningen (1625–1632)
      • Holland - Grand Pensionary -
        1. Anthonie Duyck (1621–1629)
        2. Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)
  • Wallachia -
    1. Alexandru Ilias, Voivode of Wallachia (1627–1629)
    2. Leon Tomsa, Voivode of Wallachia (1629–1632)

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    —Marc Fumaroli (b. 1932)

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    “When Paris sneezes, Europe catches cold.”
    —Prince Metternich (1773–1859)