List of State Leaders in 1623 - Europe

Europe

• Andorra - Luís Díes Aux de Armendáriz, Co-Prince of Andorra (with King Louis XIII of France), (1621–1627)
• Denmark–Norway - Christian IV, King of Denmark (1588–1648)
• England - James I, King of England (1603–1625) - also King of Scotland
• France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610–1643)
• Republic of Genoa -
  1. Giorgio Centurione, Doge of Genoa, (1621–1623)
  2. Federico De Franchi, Doge of Genoa, (1623–1625)
• Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637)
  • Bavaria - Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1597–1651)
  • Bremen, Prince-Archbishopric - John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1596–1634)
  • Lübeck, Prince-Bishopric - John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (1607–1634)
  • Verden, Prince-Bishopric - Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
• Imereti - George III, King of Imereti (1605–1639)
• Kakheti - Teimuraz I, King of Kakheti (1605–1614, 1623–1633, 1636–1648)
• Kartli - Simon II, King of Kartli (1619–1630)
  • Giorgi Saakadze, Regent and Grand Mouravi of Kartli (1619–1626)
• Moldavia -
  1. Ştefan II Tomşa, Prince of Moldavia (1621–1623)
  2. Radu Mihnea, Prince of Moldavia (1623–1626)
• Monaco - Honoré II, Prince of Monaco (1604–1662)
• Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire
  1. Mustafa I, Ottoman Sultan (1617–1618 and 1622–1623)
  2. Murat IV, Ottoman Sultan (1623–1640)
• Papal States -
  1. Gregory XV, Pope (1621–1623)
  2. Urban VIII, Pope (1623–1644)
• Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland (1587–1632)
• Russia - Michael Romanov (1613–1645)
• Scotland - James VI, King of Scotland (1567–1625) - also King of England
• Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
• Sweden - Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (1611–1632)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany - Ferdinando II, (1621–1670)
  • Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria and Christina of Lorraine, Co-Regents of Tuscany (1621–1628)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585–1625)
    • Holland - Grand Pensionary - Anthonie Duyck (1621–1629)
• Republic of Venice -
  1. Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice (1618–1623)
  2. Francesco Contarini, Doge of Venice (1623–1624)
• Principality of Wallachia -
  1. Radu Mihnea (1620–1623)
  2. Alexandru Coconul (1623–1627)