Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Christian III (1534–1559)
- Duchy of Schleswig - Adolphus (1544–1586), Christian III (1523–1559), and John II (1544–1580) in condominial rule
- Kingdom of England - Edward VI (1547–1553)
- Kingdom of France - Henry II (1547–1559)
- Holy Roman Empire - Charles V (1519–1556)
- Duchy of Holstein - Adolphus (1544–1586), Christian III (1523–1559), and John II (1544–1580) in condominial rule
- Hungary -
- Royal Hungary - Ferdinand I (1526–1564)
- Eastern Hungarian Kingdom - John II Sigismund Zápolya (1540–1571)
- Kingdom of Navarre - Henry II d'Albret (1516–1555)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566)
- Papal States - Pope Paul III (1534–1549)
- Kingdom of Poland - Sigismund II (1548–1572)
- Kingdom of Portugal - John III the Pious (1521–1557)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Ivan IV the Terrible, Grand Prince of Moscow (1533–1547) then Tsar of Russia (1547–1584)
- Duchy of Savoy - Charles III (1504–1553)
- Kingdom of Scotland - Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1567)
- Kingdom of Spain - Charles I (1516–1556)
- Kingdom of Sweden - Gustav I Vasa (1521–1560)
- Republic of Venice - Francesco Donato, Doge of Venice (1545–1553)
- Principality of Wallachia - Mircea the Shepherd, Voivode of Wallachia (1545–1552)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1549
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“Well then! Wagner was a revolutionary—he fled the Germans.... As an artist one has no home in Europe outside Paris: the délicatesse in all five artistic senses that is presupposed by Wagner’s art, the fingers for nuances, the psychological morbidity are found only in Paris. Nowhere else is this passion in questions of form to be found, this seriousness in mise en scène—which is Parisian seriousness par excellence.”
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
“In America the cohesion was a matter of choice and will. But in Europe it was organic.”
—D.H. (David Herbert)
“In Europe an actor is an artist. In Hollywood, if he isn’t working, he’s a bum.”
—Anthony Quinn (b. 1915)