Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Christian III (1534–1559)
- Duchy of Schleswig - Adolphus (1544–1586), Christian III (1523–1559), and John II (1544–1580) in condominial rule
- Kingdom of England - Edward VI (1547–1553)
- Kingdom of France - Henry II (1547–1559)
- Holy Roman Empire - Charles V (1519–1556)
- Duchy of Holstein - Adolphus (1544–1586), Christian III (1523–1559), and John II (1544–1580) in condominial rule
- Hungary -
- Royal Hungary - Ferdinand I (1526–1564)
- Eastern Hungarian Kingdom - John II Sigismund Zápolya (1540–1571)
- Kingdom of Navarre - Henry II d'Albret (1516–1555)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566)
- Papal States - Pope Paul III (1534–1549)
- Kingdom of Poland - Sigismund II (1548–1572)
- Kingdom of Portugal - John III the Pious (1521–1557)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Ivan IV the Terrible, Grand Prince of Moscow (1533–1547) then Tsar of Russia (1547–1584)
- Duchy of Savoy - Charles III (1504–1553)
- Kingdom of Scotland - Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1567)
- Kingdom of Spain - Charles I (1516–1556)
- Kingdom of Sweden - Gustav I Vasa (1521–1560)
- Republic of Venice - Francesco Donato, Doge of Venice (1545–1553)
- Principality of Wallachia - Mircea the Shepherd, Voivode of Wallachia (1545–1552)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1549
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“The people of Western Europe are facing this summer a series of tragic dilemmas. Of the hopes that dazzled the last twenty years that some political movement might tend to the betterment of the human lot, little remains above ground but the tattered slogans of the past.”
—John Dos Passos (1896–1970)
“In America the cohesion was a matter of choice and will. But in Europe it was organic.”
—D.H. (David Herbert)
“...I think the Americans are the only people who have good beds. I consider the American bedroom unparalleled for freshness, comfort, and cleanliness. It is worth going all over Europe in order to come home to one’s own bed.”
—M. E. W. Sherwood (1826–1903)