Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Christian III (1534–1559)
- Kingdom of England - Henry VIII (1509–1547)
- Kingdom of France - Francis I (1515–1547)
- Holy Roman Empire - Charles V (1519–1556)
- Hungary -
- Royal Hungary - Ferdinand I (1526–1564)
- Eastern Hungarian Kingdom - John Zápolya (1526–1540)
- Polish–Lithuanian union - Sigismund the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (1506–1548)
- Duchy of Mantua - Federico II (1500–1540)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566)
- Papal States - Pope Paul III (1534–1549)
- Kingdom of Portugal - John III (1521–1557)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Ivan IV (1533–1547) then Tsar of Russia (1547–1584)
- Duchy of Savoy - Charles III (1504–1553)
- Kingdom of Scotland - James V (1513–1542)
- Kingdom of Spain - Charles I (1516–1556)
- Kingdom of Sweden - Gustav I Vasa (1521–1560)
- Republic of Venice - Pietro Lando, Doge of Venice (1538–1545)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1539
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“New York has her wilderness within her own borders; and though the sailors of Europe are familiar with the soundings of her Hudson, and Fulton long since invented the steamboat on its waters, an Indian is still necessary to guide her scientific men to its headwaters in the Adirondack country.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“When Paris sneezes, Europe catches cold.”
—Prince Metternich (1773–1859)
“In Europe life is histrionic and dramatized, and ... in America, except when it is trying to be European, it is direct and sincere.”
—William Dean Howells (1837–1920)