Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Christian III (1534–1559)
- Kingdom of England - Henry VIII (1509–1547)
- Kingdom of France - Francis I (1515–1547)
- Holy Roman Empire - Charles V (1519–1556)
- Hungary -
- Royal Hungary - Ferdinand I (1526–1564)
- Eastern Hungarian Kingdom - John Zápolya (1526–1540)
- Polish–Lithuanian union - Sigismund the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (1506–1548)
- Duchy of Mantua - Federico II (1500–1540)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566)
- Papal States - Pope Paul III (1534–1549)
- Kingdom of Portugal - John III (1521–1557)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Ivan IV (1533–1547) then Tsar of Russia (1547–1584)
- Duchy of Savoy - Charles III (1504–1553)
- Kingdom of Scotland - James V (1513–1542)
- Kingdom of Spain - Charles I (1516–1556)
- Kingdom of Sweden - Gustav I Vasa (1521–1560)
- Republic of Venice - Pietro Lando, Doge of Venice (1538–1545)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1539
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“I believe that the fundamental proposition is that we must recognize that the hostilities in Europe, in Africa, and in Asia are all parts of a single world conflict. We must, consequently, recognize that our interests are menaced both in Europe and in the Far East.”
—Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)
“I’ve come to think of Europe as a hardcover book, America as the paperback version.”
—Don Delillo (b. 1926)
“What helps it now, that Byron bore,
With haughty scorn which mock’d the smart,
Through Europe to the Aetolian shore
The pageant of his bleeding heart?
That thousands counted every groan,
And Europe made his woe her own?”
—Matthew Arnold (1822–1888)