Middle East and North Africa
Including the Caucasus.
- Abbasid Caliphate - Al-Mutawakkil I (1389–1406)
- Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia - Leo (or Leon) VI (1374–1393)
- Kingdom of Cyprus - James I (1382–1398)
- Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt - Barquq (1390–1399)
- Kingdom of Georgia - Bagrat V (1360–1393)
- Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomans) - Qara Muhammad (~1388 to 1399/1400)
- Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) - Kara Yülük Osman (1378/9 to 1435/6)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1391
Famous quotes containing the words middle east, middle, east, north and/or africa:
“During the first formative centuries of its existence, Christianity was separated from and indeed antagonistic to the state, with which it only later became involved. From the lifetime of its founder, Islam was the state, and the identity of religion and government is indelibly stamped on the memories and awareness of the faithful from their own sacred writings, history, and experience.”
—Bernard Lewis, U.S. Middle Eastern specialist. Islam and the West, ch. 8, Oxford University Press (1993)
“After sixty, the self-questioning of middle age is obsolete.”
—Mason Cooley (b. 1927)
“Next to the originator of a good sentence is the first quoter of it. Many will read the book before one thinks of quoting a passage. As soon as he has done this, that line will be quoted east and west.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“I do not speak with any fondness but the language of coolest history, when I say that Boston commands attention as the town which was appointed in the destiny of nations to lead the civilization of North America.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“In Africa I had indeed found a sufficiently frightful kind of loneliness but the isolation of this American ant heap was even more shattering.”
—Louis-Ferdinand Céline (1894–1961)