Middle East and North Africa
Including the Caucasus.
- Abbasid Caliphate - Al-Mutawakkil I (1389–1406)
- Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia - Leo (or Leon) VI (1374–1393)
- Kingdom of Cyprus - James I (1382–1398)
- Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt - Barquq (1390–1399)
- Kingdom of Georgia - Bagrat V (1360–1393)
- Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomans) - Qara Muhammad (~1388 to 1399/1400)
- Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) - Kara Yülük Osman (1378/9 to 1435/6)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1391
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