List of Rump States - Early Modern

Early Modern

• Royal Hungary as the successor of the Kingdom of Hungary under Austrian suzerainty from 1541 until c. 1700.
• The Munhumutapa Empire of present-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique because of Portuguese aggression from 1505 until its conquest in 1629.
• Oman during the occupation of Muscat by the Portuguese from 1508 to 1650.
• The Sultanate of Malacca from the Portuguese capture of Malacca in 1511, and the Sultanate of Johor as its successor from 1528 until the complete Dutch conquest in 1641.
• Denmark-Norway after Sweden broke away from the Kalmar Union in 1523. See also Stockholm Bloodbath of 1520 and Swedish War of Liberation.
• The Inca state of Tawantinsuyu which survived the initial Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in the Vilcabamba area from 1532 until the final Spanish conquest in 1572.
• Poland-Lithuania, Russia, and Austria at times during the height of Ottoman and Crimean Tatar advances. See also Russo-Crimean Wars, Siege of Vienna, and Battle of Vienna.
• The Livonian Confederation during the Livonian War, from the Russian invasion of 1558 to its liquidation by Poland-Lithuania and Sweden in 1561, and then the Duchy of Courland as its successor under Polish suzerainty until its Russian conquest in 1795.
• The Vijayanagara Empire from its 1565 defeat by the Deccan Sultanates in the Battle of Talikota until its liquidation c. 1646.
• Mongolia from the rise of the Qing Manchus in the early 17th century until its conquest in 1634.
• Denmark-Norway during the occupation of Jutland by Austria and its Catholic League allies in the Thirty Years War from 1627 to 1629, as well as by Sweden in the Hannibal War of 1644.
• China because of Manchu aggression from 1630 until its conquest and resultant formation of the Qing Dynasty in 1644.
• Poland-Lithuania from 1648 to 1662, during its struggle for survival in the war of The Deluge against Ukrainian Cossack insurgents and Russian, Swedish, Turkic, Transylvanian, and German invaders. (map)
• Denmark-Norway during the occupation of the Trøndelag region from 1658 to 1660 by the Swedish Empire during the Northern Wars (map). See also Treaty of Roskilde.
• Oman during the occupation of its coasts by the Ottoman Empire from 1659 to 1741 and by the Afsharid Empire from 1743 to 1746.
• Sweden after its defeat and loss of Baltic hegemony in the Great Northern War in 1721, and more so after the Russian seizure of Finland in the Finnish War of 1809.
• Safavid Persia from 1722 to 1738 because of Afghan and Ottoman aggression.
• The Sultanate of Mataram in Java from 1749 to its Dutch conquest in 1816. (Map)
• Siam because of Burmese aggression from 1766 to 1802.
• Poland-Lithuania, progressively after the first two Partitions of Poland in 1772 and 1793 until its liquidation in 1795. (Map)
• Durrani Afghanistan after its loss of the Punjab following the death of Ahmed Shah Abdali in 1773.
• The Maratha Empire because of British encroachment from 1775 to its conquest in 1818.
• The Iroquois Confederacy from the Sullivan Expedition of 1779 to its annexation by the United States in the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua.