List
Element Noble gasElement | Negative oxidation states |
Zero | Positive oxidation states |
Notes | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | ||
hydrogen | −1 | H | +1 | |||||||||||
helium | He | |||||||||||||
lithium | Li | +1 | ||||||||||||
beryllium | Be | +1 | +2 | |||||||||||
boron | B | +1 | +2 | +3 | ||||||||||
carbon | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | C | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||||
nitrogen | −3 | −2 | −1 | N | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | |||||
oxygen | −2 | −1 | O | +1 | +2 | |||||||||
fluorine | −1 | F | ||||||||||||
neon | Ne | |||||||||||||
sodium | −1 | Na | +1 | |||||||||||
magnesium | Mg | +1 | +2 | |||||||||||
aluminium | Al | +1 | +2 | +3 | ||||||||||
silicon | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | Si | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||||
phosphorus | −3 | −2 | −1 | P | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | |||||
sulfur | −2 | −1 | S | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | |||||
chlorine | −1 | Cl | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | |||||
argon | Ar | |||||||||||||
potassium | −1 | K | +1 | |||||||||||
calcium | Ca | +1 | +2 | |||||||||||
scandium | Sc | +1 | +2 | +3 | ||||||||||
titanium | −1 | Ti | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||
vanadium | −1 | V | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | |||||||
chromium | −2 | −1 | Cr | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | |||||
manganese | −3 | −2 | −1 | Mn | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | |||
iron | −2 | −1 | Fe | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | |||||
cobalt | −1 | Co | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | |||||||
nickel | −1 | Ni | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||
copper | Cu | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||||||||
zinc | Zn | +1 | +2 | |||||||||||
gallium | Ga | +1 | +2 | +3 | ||||||||||
germanium | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | Ge | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||||
arsenic | −3 | As | +1 | +2 | +3 | +5 | ||||||||
selenium | −2 | Se | +1 | +2 | +4 | +6 | ||||||||
bromine | −1 | Br | +1 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +7 | |||||||
krypton | Kr | +2 | ||||||||||||
rubidium | −1 | Rb | +1 | |||||||||||
strontium | Sr | +1 | +2 | |||||||||||
yttrium | Y | +1 | +2 | +3 | ||||||||||
zirconium | Zr | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||||||||
niobium | −1 | Nb | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | |||||||
molybdenum | −2 | −1 | Mo | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | |||||
technetium | −3 | −1 | Tc | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | ||||
ruthenium | −2 | Ru | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | ||||
rhodium | −1 | Rh | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | ||||||
palladium | Pd | +1 | +2 | +4 | ||||||||||
silver | Ag | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||||||||
cadmium | Cd | +1 | +2 | |||||||||||
indium | In | +1 | +2 | +3 | ||||||||||
tin | −4 | Sn | +2 | +4 | ||||||||||
antimony | −3 | Sb | +3 | +5 | ||||||||||
tellurium | −2 | Te | +2 | +4 | +5 | +6 | ||||||||
iodine | −1 | I | +1 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +7 | |||||||
xenon | Xe | +1 | +2 | +4 | +6 | +8 | ||||||||
caesium | −1 | Cs | +1 | |||||||||||
barium | Ba | +2 | ||||||||||||
lanthanum | La | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
cerium | Ce | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
praseodymium | Pr | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
neodymium | Nd | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
promethium | Pm | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
samarium | Sm | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
europium | Eu | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
gadolinium | Gd | +1 | +2 | +3 | ||||||||||
terbium | Tb | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||||||||
dysprosium | Dy | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
holmium | Ho | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
erbium | Er | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
thulium | Tm | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
ytterbium | Yb | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
lutetium | Lu | +3 | ||||||||||||
hafnium | Hf | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
tantalum | −1 | Ta | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | ||||||||
tungsten | −2 | −1 | W | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | |||||
rhenium | −3 | −1 | Re | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | ||||
osmium | −2 | −1 | Os | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | |||
iridium | −3 | −1 | Ir | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +8 | ||||
platinum | −3 | −2 | −1 | Pt | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | ||||
gold | −1 | Au | +1 | +2 | +3 | +5 | ||||||||
mercury | Hg | +1 | +2 | +4 | ||||||||||
thallium | Tl | +1 | +3 | |||||||||||
lead | −4 | Pb | +2 | +4 | ||||||||||
bismuth | −3 | Bi | +1 | +3 | +5 | |||||||||
polonium | −2 | Po | +2 | +4 | +6 | |||||||||
astatine | −1 | At | +1 | +3 | +5 | +7 | ||||||||
radon | Rn | +2 | +6 | |||||||||||
francium | Fr | +1 | ||||||||||||
radium | Ra | +2 | ||||||||||||
actinium | Ac | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
thorium | Th | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
protactinium | Pa | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | |||||||||
uranium | U | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | ||||||||
neptunium | Np | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | ||||||||
plutonium | Pu | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | |||||||
americium | Am | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | |||||||
curium | Cm | +3 | +4 | |||||||||||
berkelium | Bk | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
californium | Cf | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||||||||
einsteinium | Es | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
fermium | Fm | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
mendelevium | Md | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
nobelium | No | +2 | +3 | |||||||||||
lawrencium | Lr | +3 | ||||||||||||
rutherfordium | Rf | +4 | ||||||||||||
dubnium | Db | +5 | ||||||||||||
seaborgium | Sg | +6 | ||||||||||||
bohrium | Bh | +7 | ||||||||||||
hassium | Hs | +8 |
A figure with a similar format (shown below) was used by Irving Langmuir in 1919 in one of the early papers about the octet rule. The periodicity of the oxidation states was one of the pieces of evidence that led Langmuir to adopt the rule.
Read more about this topic: List Of Oxidation States Of The Elements
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