Biological Sciences
- 1963 Cornelius Van Niel
- 1964 Marshall W. Nirenberg
- 1965 Francis P. Rous, George G. Simpson, Donald D. Van Slyke
- 1966 Edward F. Knipling, Fritz Albert Lipmann, William C. Rose, Sewall Wright
- 1967 Kenneth S. Cole, Harry F. Harlow, Michael Heidelberger, Alfred H. Sturtevant
- 1968 Horace Barker, Bernard B. Brodie, Detlev W. Bronk, Jay Lush, Burrhus Frederic Skinner
- 1969 Robert J. Huebner, Ernst Mayr
- 1970 Barbara McClintock, Albert B. Sabin
- 1973 Daniel I. Arnon, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
- 1974 Britton Chance, Erwin Chargaff, James Van Gundia Neel, James Augustine Shannon
- 1975 Hallowell Davis, Paul Gyorgy, Sterling B. Hendricks, Orville Alvin Vogel
- 1976 Roger C.L. Guillemin, Keith Roberts Porter, Efraim Racker, Edward O. Wilson
- 1979 Robert H. Burris, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Earl Reece Stadtman, George Ledyard Stebbins, Paul A. Weiss
- 1981 Philip Handler
- 1982 Seymour Benzer, Glenn W. Burton, Mildred Cohn
- 1983 Howard L. Bachrach, Paul Berg, Wendell L. Roelofs, Berta Scharrer
- 1986 Stanley Cohen, Donald A. Henderson, Vernon B. Mountcastle, George Emil Palade, Joan A. Steitz
- 1987 Michael E. Debakey, Theodor O. Diener, Harry Eagle, Har Gobind Khorana, Rita Levi-Montalcini
- 1988 Michael S. Brown, Stanley N. Cohen, Joseph L. Goldstein, Maurice R. Hilleman, Eric R. Kandel, Rosalyn S. Yalow
- 1989 Katherine Esau, Viktor Hamburger, Philip Leder, Joshua Lederberg, Roger W. Sperry, Harland G. Wood
- 1990 Baruj Benacerraf, Herbert W. Boyer, Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., Edward B. Lewis, David G. Nathan, E. Donnall Thomas
- 1991 Mary Ellen Avery, G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Elvin A. Kabat, Salvador E. Luria, Paul A. Marks, Folke K Skoog, Paul C. Zamecnik
- 1992 Maxine Singer, Howard M. Temin
- 1993 Daniel Nathans, Salome G. Waelsch
- 1994 Thomas Eisner, Elizabeth F. Neufeld
- 1995 Alexander Rich
- 1996 Ruth Patrick
- 1997 James D. Watson, Robert A. Weinberg
- 1998 Bruce Ames, Janet Rowley
- 1999 David Baltimore, Jared Diamond, Lynn Margulis
- 2000 Nancy C. Andreasen, Peter H. Raven, Carl Woese
- 2001 Francisco J. Ayala, Mario R. Capecchi, Ann Graybiel, Gene E. Likens, Victor A. McKusick, Harold Varmus
- 2002 James E. Darnell, Evelyn M. Witkin
- 2003 J. Michael Bishop, Solomon H. Snyder, Charles Yanofsky
- 2004 Norman E. Borlaug, Phillip A. Sharp, Thomas E. Starzl
- 2005 Anthony Fauci, Torsten N. Wiesel
- 2006 Rita R. Colwell, Nina Fedoroff, Lubert Stryer
- 2007 Robert J. Lefkowitz, Bert W. O'Malley
- 2008 Francis S. Collins, Elaine Fuchs, J. Craig Venter
- 2009 Susan L. Lindquist, Stanley B. Prusiner
- 2010 Ralph L. Brinster, Shu Chien, Rudolf Jaenisch
Read more about this topic: List Of National Medal Of Science Laureates
Famous quotes containing the words biological and/or sciences:
“Although there is no universal agreement as to a definition of life, its biological manifestations are generally considered to be organization, metabolism, growth, irritability, adaptation, and reproduction.”
—The Columbia Encyclopedia, Fifth Edition, the first sentence of the article on “life” (based on wording in the First Edition, 1935)
“All cultural change reduces itself to a difference of categories. All revolutions, whether in the sciences or world history, occur merely because spirit has changed its categories in order to understand and examine what belongs to it, in order to possess and grasp itself in a truer, deeper, more intimate and unified manner.”
—Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)