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The National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) are widely distributed across Virginia's 95 counties and 39 independent cities.
| Landmark name | Image | Date designated | Locality | County | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandria Historic District | 01966-11-13November 13, 1966 | Alexandria |
Alexandria (independent city) | Comprises the central portion of Alexandria, Virginia | ||
| Aquia Church | 01991-07-05July 5, 1991 | Garrisonville | Stafford | Mid-18th century church | ||
| Bacon's Castle | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | Bacon's Castle |
Surry | One of the oldest brick buildings in Virginia | ||
| Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery | 01984-04-27April 27, 1984 | Leesburg | Loudoun | Site of an embarrassing Union defeat early in the American Civil War, caused by inept generalship, after which drowned troops' bodies floated down the Potomac River to Washington, D.C. | ||
| Banneker (Benjamin) SW-9 Intermediate Boundary Stone | 01976-05-11May 11, 1976 | Arlington |
Arlington | A boundary stone associated with Benjamin Banneker, (1731-1806), an African American surveyor, mathematician and astronomer who assisted Andrew Ellicott during the first two month's of Ellicott's 1791-1792 survey of the boundaries of the original District of Columbia. | ||
| Barracks, Virginia Military Institute | 01965-12-21December 21, 1965 | Lexington |
Lexington (independent city) | Gothic style cadet barracks building on the grounds of Virginia Military Institute | ||
| Berkeley | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Charles City | Charles City | One of the great plantations of Virginia, associated with Presidents William Henry Harrison and Benjamin Harrison. | ||
| Berry Hill | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | South Boston |
Halifax | A Greek Revival plantation mansion, imitating the Parthenon | ||
| Brandon | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Burrowsville |
Prince George | Plantation tended from 1614 on, with unusual brick mansion in style of Palladio's "Roman Country House" completed in 1760's | ||
| Bremo Historic District | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Bremo Bluff | Fluvanna | James River plantation with mansion probably designed by Thomas Jefferson | ||
| Bruton Parish Church | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Williamsburg |
Williamsburg (independent city) | Earliest church in the British American colonies to reflect the infusion of English Renaissance style. | ||
| Camden | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Port Royal | Caroline | 2-story Italian villa featuring such 19th-century innovations as a central heating system, gas lights, inside toilets, and shower baths. | ||
| Camp Hoover | 01988-06-07June 7, 1988 | Graves Mill |
Madison | President Herbert Hoover's rustic presidential retreat, also known as Rapidan Camp. | ||
| Cape Henry Lighthouse | 01964-01-29January 29, 1964 | Virginia Beach |
Virginia Beach (independent city) | First lighthouse to be erected by the Federal Government. | ||
| Carter's Grove | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Williamsburg | James City | Georgian country house and plantation near Williamsburg, recently closed and sold to a private owner | ||
| Cedar Creek Battlefield and Belle Grove Plantation | 01969-08-11August 11, 1969 | Middletown and Strasburg |
Frederick and Warren | Site of the American Civil War battle of Cedar Creek and the Belle Grove Plantation. | ||
| Christ Church, Alexandria | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Alexandria | Alexandria (independent city) | 1773 Georgian brick church | ||
| Christ Church (Lancaster County) | 01961-05-30May 30, 1961 | Irvington | Lancaster | Example of British Colonial ecclesiastical architecture. | ||
| City Hall (Richmond) | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Example of the High Victorian Gothic style. | ||
| Confederate Capitol | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | From July 1861 to April 1865, the Confederate Congress met here; state capitol before and after the war | ||
| Charles Richard Drew House | 01976-05-11May 11, 1976 | Arlington |
Arlington | Home of Dr. Charles R. Drew, an African-American physician and researcher whose leadership on stockpiling blood plasma saved lives in World War II | ||
| Drydock Number One, Norfolk Naval Shipyard | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Portsmouth |
Portsmouth (independent city) | Union frigate USS Merrimack was rebuilt by the Confederates in this drydock, becoming the ironclad CSS Virginia. Now part of Norfolk Naval Shipyard. | ||
| Egyptian Building | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | First permanent home of the Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College | ||
| Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel | 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 | Hampton |
Hampton (independent city) | Wind tunnel at Langley Research Center. | ||
| Elsing Green | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Tunstall | King William | Georgian plantation house built by Carter Braxton | ||
| Exchange | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Petersburg |
Petersburg (independent city) | Two story Greek Revival structure with a Doric Portico. | ||
| Eyre Hall | 02012-03-02March 2, 2012 | Cheriton |
Northampton | A private plantation in the hands of the Eyre family since 1668. | ||
| Five Forks Battlefield | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Petersburg |
Dinwiddie | Site of Battle of Five Forks, where Lee's flank was turned, leading to virtual end of the American Civil War in 1865. | ||
| Gerald R. Ford, Jr., House | 01985-12-17December 17, 1985 | Alexandria |
Alexandria (independent city) | House of President Gerald R. Ford. | ||
| Fort Monroe | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Hampton |
Hampton (independent city) | Fort Monroe was completed in 1834, and is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe. Completely surrounded by a moat, the six-sided stone fort is the only one of its kind left in the United States that is still an active Army post. | ||
| Fort Myer Historic District | 01972-11-28November 28, 1972 | Arlington | Arlington | U.S. Army post adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery. | ||
| Franklin & Armfield Office | 01978-06-02June 2, 1978 | Alexandria |
Alexandria (independent city) | Largest slave trading firm in the antebellum South | ||
| Full Scale 30- by 60-Foot Tunnel | 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 | Hampton |
Hampton (independent city) | Full-scale wind tunnel at Langley Research Center. | ||
| Gadsby's Tavern | 01963-11-04November 4, 1963 | Alexandria |
Alexandria (independent city) | Original tavern was a central part of the social, economic, political, and educational life of the city of Alexandria, and the United States. (Try Gadsby's Tavern Museum) | ||
| Ellen Glasgow House | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Residence of author Ellen Glasgow | ||
| Carter Glass House | 01976-12-08December 8, 1976 | Lynchburg |
Lynchburg (independent city) | A home of influential congressman and senator Carter Glass | ||
| Green Springs Historic District | 01974-05-30May 30, 1974 | Zion Crossroads |
Louisa | Rural manor houses and related buildings. | ||
| Greenway Court | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | White Post |
Clarke | Remnants of 5,000,000-acre (20,000 km2) estate of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, only British peer in America, where George Washington worked as a surveyor | ||
| Gunston Hall | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Lorton |
Fairfax | Home of the United States Founding Father George Mason. | ||
| Hampton Institute | 01974-05-30May 30, 1974 | Hampton | Hampton (independent city) | Hampton University began in 1868 as a teacher training school to train young Black men and women. | ||
| Hanover County Courthouse | 01973-11-07November 7, 1973 | Hanover Court House |
Hanover | This Georgian courthouse has been used continuously since its completion around 1735. It was here that, in 1763, Patrick Henry argued and won THE PARSON'S CAUSE, a case involving religious liberty in the Colony. | ||
| Holly-Knoll-Robert R. Moton House | image pending | 01981-12-21December 21, 1981 | Capahosic | Gloucester | Retirement home of Black educator Robert Russa Moton | |
| The Homestead | 01991-07-17July 17, 1991 | Hot Springs | Bath | Example of Georgian and Colonial Revival architecture. | ||
| Jackson Ward Historic District | 01978-06-02June 2, 1978 | Richmond | Richmond (independent city) | A historically African-American neighborhood. | ||
| Stonewall Jackson Headquarters | 01967-05-28May 28, 1967 | Winchester |
Winchester (independent city) | Confederate Major General Jackson lived here during the 1861-1862 winter | ||
| Kenmore | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Fredericksburg |
Fredericksburg (independent city) | Home of Fielding Lewis | ||
| Lee Chapel, Washington and Lee University | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Lexington |
Lexington (independent city) | Victorian Gothic brick chapel commemorates the years Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) served as president (1865-1870) of the college, then known as Washington College. Lee is buried in a chapel vault. | ||
| LIGHTSHIP NO. 101 "PORTSMOUTH" | 01989-05-05May 5, 1989 | Portsmouth |
Portsmouth (independent city) | Lightship Portsmouth, commissioned as Lightship 101, was first stationed at Cape Charles, Virginia. | ||
| Lunar Landing Research Facility | 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 | Hampton |
Hampton (independent city) | Crane at Langley Research Center used to practice Apollo lunar landings | ||
| Main Street Station and Trainshed | 01976-12-08December 8, 1976 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Station is an example of Beaux-Arts influence, and trainshed is one of the last gable-roofed trainsheds in America. | ||
| Marlbourne | image pending | 01964-07-19July 19, 1964 | Richmond | Hanover | Property of Confederate secessionist Edmund Ruffin | |
| General George C. Marshall House | 01996-06-19June 19, 1996 | Leesburg |
Loudoun | Last home of General George C. Marshall, who called it "Dodona Manor." | ||
| John Marshall House | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Home of 4th Chief Justice John Marshall. | ||
| Cyrus McCormick Farm and Workshop | 01964-07-19July 19, 1964 | Steele's Tavern | Rockbridge | Home of the inventor of mechanical reaper. | ||
| Gari Melchers Home | 01965-12-21December 21, 1965 | Falmouth | Stafford | Residence and studio of painter Gari Melchers | ||
| Menokin | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Warsaw | Richmond | Home of Declaration of Independence signer Francis Lightfoot Lee. | ||
| Gen. William "Billy" Mitchell House | image pending | 01976-12-08December 8, 1976 | Middleburg | Loudoun | Residence of General William "Billy" Mitchell, advocate of military air power. | |
| James Monroe Law Office | 01966-11-11November 11, 1966 | Fredericksburg |
Fredericksburg (independent city) | James Monroe used this structure as a law office from 1786 to 1789. | ||
| James Monroe Tomb | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Tomb with "flamboyant and delicate tracery in cast iron" of President James Monroe | ||
| Monticello (Thomas Jefferson House) | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Charlottesville |
Albemarle | Mansion of President Thomas Jefferson. | ||
| Montpelier (James Madison House) | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Orange | Orange | Residence of President James Madison. | ||
| Monument Avenue Historic District | 01997-12-09December 9, 1997 | Richmond | Richmond (independent city) | Broad tree-lined avenue with several impressive memorials. | ||
| Monumental Church | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Early Greek Revival church. | ||
| Robert Russa Moton High School | 01998-08-05August 5, 1998 | Farmville | Prince Edward | Site of a 1951 student strike that led to court case striking down the practice of "separate but equal" schools; now a museum | ||
| Mount Airy | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | Warsaw |
Richmond | Stone plantation house. Burial place of Francis Lightfoot Lee. | ||
| Mount Vernon | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Alexandria |
Fairfax | Plantation home of President George Washington. | ||
| Natural Bridge | 01998-08-05August 5, 1998 | Natural Bridge |
Rockbridge | Natural rock arch. (Once owned by Thomas Jefferson) | ||
| New Kent School and George W. Watkins School | 02001-08-07August 7, 2001 | New Kent and Quinton | New Kent | Pair of schools that represent widespread token desegregation of southern schools in the decade after the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education supreme court decision. Focus of 1968 Green v. County School Board, which was effective in bringing about real desegregation. | ||
| N.S. SAVANNAH (Nuclear Merchant Ship) | 01991-07-17July 17, 1991 | Newport News |
York | First nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship. | ||
| Oak Hill (James Monroe House) | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Leesburg | Loudoun | Residence of President James Monroe | ||
| Oatlands | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Leesburg | Loudoun | Notable Federal-style mansion designed and built by George Carter. | ||
| Pentagon | 01992-10-05October 5, 1992 | Arlington |
Arlington | Building is symbolic of national military power. | ||
| Petersburg Breakthrough Battlefield | 02006-02-17February 17, 2006 | Petersburg | Dinwiddie | Site of Union breakthrough that collapsed Confederate General Lee's fortifications from Petersburg to Richmond, on April 2, 1865. | ||
| Pittsylvania County Courthouse | 01987-10-12October 12, 1987 | Chatham |
Pittsylvania | In 1878, Judge J.D. Coles was arrested for excluding Black citizens from serving as jurors. | ||
| Pocahontas Exhibition Coal Mine | 01994-10-12October 12, 1994 | Pocahontas | Tazewell | 1882 Mine in the Pocahontas coalfield. | ||
| Poplar Forest | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Lynchburg | Bedford | Thomas Jefferson built this structure as a country retreat. | ||
| Potomac (Potowmack)(Patowmack) Canal Historic District | 01982-12-17December 17, 1982 | Great Falls | Fairfax | Remains of an impressively engineered canal built beside the falls of the Potomac. | ||
| Prestwould | 02003-07-31July 31, 2003 | Clarksville | Mecklenburg | Most intact and best documented plantation surviving in Southside Virginia. | ||
| Quarters 1 (Fort Myer) | image pending | 01972-11-28November 28, 1972 | Arlington | Arlington | Residence of all U.S. Army Chiefs of Staff since 1910 | |
| Peyton Randolph House | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Williamsburg |
Williamsburg (independent city) | Home of Peyton Randolph, first President of the Continental Congress. | ||
| Virginia Randolph Cottage | 01974-12-02December 2, 1974 | Glen Allen |
Henrico | Commemorates notable Black teacher Virginia E. Randolph (1874-1958). | ||
| Rendezvous Docking Simulator | 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 | Hampton |
Hampton (independent city) | Trainer used by Gemini and Apollo program astronauts to practice rendezvous and docking techniques at Langley Research Center | ||
| Reynolds Homestead | image pending | 01977-12-22December 22, 1977 | Critz |
Patrick | Home of R. J. Reynolds, founder of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | |
| Ripshin Farm | image pending | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Trout Dale | Grayson | Summer home of author Sherwood Anderson. | |
| Rising Sun Tavern | 01964-01-29January 29, 1964 | Fredericksburg |
Fredericksburg (independent city) | Tavern built by Charles Washington, youngest brother of George Washington | ||
| Rotunda, University of Virginia | 01965-12-21December 21, 1965 | Charlottesville |
Charlottesville (independent city) | Designed by Thomas Jefferson shortly before his death. | ||
| Sabine Hall | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Tappahannock | Richmond | Early Georgian two story brick mansion. | ||
| St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond) | 01961-01-20January 20, 1961 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Patrick Henry delivered his "Liberty or Death" speech here. | ||
| Saint Luke's Church (Smithfield) | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | Smithfield |
Isle Of Wight | English room church with Gothic details | ||
| St. Peter's Parish Church | 02012-03-02March 2, 2012 | New Kent |
New Kent | 1703 Episcopal church may have been where George and Martha Washington were married | ||
| Saratoga | 01973-11-07November 7, 1973 | Boyce | Clarke | Gray limestone Georgian house built by Brig. Gen. Daniel Morgan, best known for his victory over the British at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781. | ||
| Sayler's Creek Battlefield | 01985-02-04February 4, 1985 | Farmville | Amelia and Prince Edward | Sites of Battle of Sayler's Creek on April 6, 1865, where 1/4 of Lee's army was cut off, three days before surrender at Appomattox | ||
| Scotchtown (Patrick Henry House) | 01965-12-21December 21, 1965 | Ashland | Hanover | Plantation house of unusual size that was childhood home of Dolley Madison and later a home of Patrick Henry | ||
| James Semple House | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Williamsburg |
Williamsburg (independent city) | House likely designed by Thomas Jefferson; a relative of the Semples, President John Tyler resided here while attending school. | ||
| Shack Mountain | 01992-10-05October 5, 1992 | Charlottesville | Albemarle | Home of Fiske Kimball, author of Thomas Jefferson, Architect. | ||
| Shirley | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Hopewell | Charles City | Oldest plantation in Virginia. | ||
| Skyline Drive Historic District | 02008-10-06October 6, 2008 | Luray | Albemarle | Road through the Shenandoah National Park | ||
| Spence's Point (John Roderigo Dos Passos House) | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Westmoreland | Westmoreland | Farm home of writer John Roderigo Dos Passos. | ||
| Stratford Hall | 01960-10-07October 7, 1960 | Lerty |
Westmoreland | Notable example of early Georgian architecture. Birthplace of Robert E Lee. | ||
| Adam Thoroughgood House | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | Virginia Beach | Virginia Beach (independent city) | One of the oldest houses in the British Colonies, built by Adam Thoroughgood. | ||
| Thunderbird Archeological District | image pending | 01977-05-05May 5, 1977 | Limeton | Warren | Three archeological sites. | |
| Tredegar Iron Works | 01977-12-22December 22, 1977 | Richmond | Richmond (independent city) | One of the largest iron works from 1841 to 1865. | ||
| Tuckahoe | 01969-08-11August 11, 1969 | Manakin | Goochland and Henrico | Tuckahoe, owned by the Randolph family, was the home of president Thomas Jefferson for 7 years during his boyhood. | ||
| John Tyler House | 01961-07-04July 4, 1961 | Charles City | Charles City | Residence of President John Tyler. | ||
| University Of Virginia Historic District | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Charlottesville | Charlottesville (independent city) | District includes Jefferson's original "academical village" and the Rotunda. | ||
| Variable Density Tunnel | 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 | Hampton |
Hampton (independent city) | Steel tank from a wind tunnel at Langley Research Center. (use source ) | ||
| Virginia Governor's Mansion | 01988-06-07June 7, 1988 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | State Executive Mansion. | ||
| Virginia Military Institute Historic District | 01974-05-30May 30, 1974 | Lexington | Lexington (independent city) | First State-supported military college. | ||
| Maggie Lena Walker House | 01975-05-15May 15, 1975 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Home of Maggie Lena Walker, first woman to establish an American bank. | ||
| Washington and Lee University Historic District | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Lexington |
Lexington (independent city) | Neoclassical buildings that form one of the most dignified college campuses. Washington & Lee University | ||
| George Washington Boyhood Home Site | 02000-02-16February 16, 2000 | Fredericksburg | Stafford | Known locally as Ferry Farm, site of fables about George Washington's boyhood | ||
| Waterford Historic District | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Waterford | Loudoun | Picturesque village, oldest settlement in Loudoun County | ||
| Westover | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | Charles City |
Charles City | Plantation that is ancestral seat of the Byrd family | ||
| White House of the Confederacy | 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 | Richmond |
Richmond (independent city) | Residence of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. | ||
| Wickham-Valentine House | 01971-11-11November 11, 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond | One of Richmond's finest Federal residences. | ||
| Williamsburg Historic District | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | Williamsburg | Williamsburg (independent city) | Capital of Virginia from 1699 to 1799. | ||
| Woodlawn | 01998-08-05August 5, 1998 | Alexandria | Fairfax | Flagship property of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Try also Woodlawn | ||
| Woodrow Wilson Birthplace | 01964-07-19July 19, 1964 | Staunton |
Staunton (independent city) | Birthplace of President Thomas Woodrow Wilson. | ||
| Wren Building, College of William and Mary | 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 | Williamsburg |
Williamsburg (independent city) | Wren Building at the College of William and Mary. | ||
| Wythe House | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Williamsburg |
Williamsburg (independent city) | One of Virginia's finest Georgian brick townhouse and home of George Wythe. | ||
| Yeocomico Church | 01970-04-15April 15, 1970 | Tucker Hill | Westmoreland | Significant example of transitional Colonial architecture. |
Read more about this topic: List Of National Historic Landmarks In Virginia
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“Through this broad street, restless ever,
Ebbs and flows a human tide,
Wave on wave a living river;
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Toiler, idler, slave and master, in the same quick current glide.”
—John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892)