List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama - National Historic Landmarks

National Historic Landmarks

Landmark name Image Date desig. Locality County Description
USS Alabama
(battleship)		 01986-01-14January 14, 1986 Mobile
 Mobile One of two surviving South Dakota-class battleships, Alabama was commissioned in 1942 and spent forty months in active service in World War II's Pacific theater, earning nine battle stars over twenty-six engagements with the Japanese.
2† Apalachicola Fort Site 01964-07-19July 19, 1964 Holy Trinity
 Russell Spain established this wattle and daub blockhouse on the Chattahoochee River in 1690, attempting to maintain influence among the Lower Creek Indians. It was used for one year, and destroyed by the Spanish when they abandoned it.
3† Barton Hall 01973-11-07November 7, 1973 Cherokee
 Colbert This structure, built in 1840, is described by the National Park Service as an "unusually sophisticated" Greek Revival style plantation house. The interior contains a stairway that ascends in a series of double flights and bridge-like landings to an observatory on the rooftop that offers views of the plantation.
4† Bethel Baptist Church, Parsonage, and Guard House 02005-04-05April 5, 2005 Birmingham
 Jefferson This church served as the headquarters for the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, an organization active in the Civil Rights Movement, from 1956 to 1961. It focused on legal and nonviolent direct action against segregated accommodations, transportation, schools and employment discrimination.
5† Bottle Creek Site 01994-04-19April 19, 1994 Stockton
 Baldwin This archaeological site contains eighteen mounds from the Mississippian cultural period. Located on Mound Island within the Mobile-Tensaw river delta, the site was occupied between AD 1250 and 1550. Scholars believe that it functioned as a social, political, religious, and trade center for the Mobile Delta region and the central Gulf Coast.
6† Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church 01997-12-12December 12, 1997 Selma
 Dallas This church was a starting point for the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965, and it played a major role in the events that led to the adoption of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The national reaction to Selma's "Bloody Sunday March" is widely credited with making the passage of the Voting Rights Act politically viable in the United States Congress.
7† City Hall and Southern Market 01973-11-07November 7, 1973 Mobile
 Mobile The Italianate style Old City Hall and Southern Market in Mobile was completed in 1857. This building exemplifies the 19th-century American trend toward structures that served multiple civic functions.
8† Henry D. Clayton House 01976-12-08December 8, 1976 Clayton
 Barbour This was the home of anti-trust legislator Henry De Lamar Clayton, Jr. He was the author of the Clayton Antitrust Act, an act that prohibited particular types of conduct that were deemed to not be in the best interest of a competitive market. He was appointed as a Federal District Judge in 1914, and became recognized as an advocate for judicial reform.
9† J.L.M. Curry Home 01965-12-21December 21, 1965 Talladega
 Talladega This was the home of educator Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry. He played a large role in the expansion and improvement of the public school system and the establishment of training schools for teachers throughout the South.
10† Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 01974-05-30May 30, 1974 Montgomery
 Mont-
gomery		 Martin Luther King, Jr. was the pastor of this church from 1954 to 1960. The Montgomery Improvement Association, which was headed by Dr. King, had its headquarters in the church and organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott from this site in 1955.
11† USS Drum
(submarine)		 01986-01-14January 14, 1986 Mobile
 Mobile Launched on May 12, 1941, this was the first of the Gato class submarines completed before World War II. It represents what was the standard design for American fleet submarines at the beginning of that war. The USS Drum sank fifteen Japanese ships and earned twelve battle stars.
12† Episcopal Church of the Nativity 01990-06-21June 21, 1990 Huntsville
 Madison This Gothic Revival church was built in 1859, and is considered by the National Park Service as one of the most pristine examples of Ecclesiastical Gothic architecture in the South. It is also one of the least-altered structures designed by architect Frank Wills.
13† First Confederate Capitol 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 Montgomery
 Mont-
gomery		 Delegates from six seceding Southern states met here on February 4, 1861. On February 8, they adopted a "Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America." Jefferson Davis was inaugurated on the west portico on February 18. The Congress of the Confederate States met here until May 22, 1861, when the capital moved to Richmond, Virginia.
14† Fort Mitchell Site 01990-06-21June 21, 1990 Fort Mitchell
 Russell Fort Mitchell represents three periods of interaction with Native Americans. The first period is the martial aspect of Manifest Destiny, when the Creek Indian Nation was defeated and forced to concede land.; the second represents the Indian Factory; the last concerns U.S. government attempts to honor treaty obligations.
15† Fort Morgan 01960-12-19December 19, 1960 Gasque
 Baldwin Fort Morgan was completed in 1834 and was used by Confederate forces during the Battle of Mobile Bay. This battle resulted in the Union Navy's Admiral David Farragut taking Mobile Bay and sealing off the Port of Mobile to Confederate shipping.
16† Fort Toulouse Site 01960-10-09October 9, 1960 Wetumpka
 Elmore Fort Toulouse served as the easternmost outpost of colonial French Louisiana. It was established in 1717 at the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and was abandoned in 1763, after the Treaty of Paris. Andrew Jackson reestablished a fort here in 1814 following his defeat of the Creek Nation at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
17† Foster Auditorium 02005-04-05April 5, 2005 Tuscaloosa
 Tusca-
loosa		 The Alabama National Guard, Federal marshals, and U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach escorted Vivian Malone past Alabama governor George C. Wallace during his infamous "Stand In The Schoolhouse Door" in front of this building in 1963. This was the first step in desegregating the University of Alabama and is seen as an important event in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
18† Gaineswood 01973-11-07November 7, 1973 Demopolis
 Marengo This Greek Revival mansion was designated a NHL because it is considered one of the most unusual examples of that architectural style in the United States. It was built over the course of eighteen years by amateur architect and planter Nathan Bryan Whitfield. It is one of the few Greek Revival homes that features the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.
19† Government Street Presbyterian Church 01992-10-05October 5, 1992 Mobile
 Mobile This church was built in 1836 and is one of the oldest and least-altered Greek Revival church buildings in the United States. The architectural design is by James Gallier, James Dakin, and Charles Dakin.
20† Ivy Green 01992-03-31March 31, 1992 Tuscumbia
 Colbert This site is where deaf and blind Helen Keller was born and learned to communicate, with the aid of her teacher and constant companion, Anne Sullivan.
21† Kenworthy Hall 02004-08-18August 18, 2004 Marion
 Perry This plantation house was completed in 1860 and is one of the best preserved examples of Richard Upjohn's distinctive asymmetrical Italian villa style. It is the only surviving residential example of Upjohn's Italian villa style that was especially designed to suit the Southern climate and the plantation lifestyle.
22† Montgomery (snagboat) 01989-06-30June 30, 1989 Pickensville
 Pickens One of the few surviving steam-powered sternwheelers in the United States, it is one of two surviving United States Army Corps of Engineers snagboats. It was built in 1925 and played a major role in building the Alabama–Tombigbee–Tennessee River Project.
23† Montgomery Union Station and Trainshed 01976-12-08December 8, 1976 Montgomery
 Mont-
gomery		 Constructed in 1898, this is an example of late 19th-century commercial architecture. It served as the focal point of transportation into Montgomery. The train shed is significant in that it shows the adaptation of bridge-building techniques to shelter structures, an important step in the history of American engineering.
24† Moundville Site 01964-07-19July 19, 1964 Moundville
 Hale Moundville was first settled in the 10th century and represents a major period of Mississippian culture in the Southern United States. It acted as the center for a southerly diffusion of this culture toward the Gulf Coast. It was the second largest site of the classic Middle Mississippian era, after Cahokia in Illinois.
25† Neutral Buoyancy Space Simulator 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 Huntsville
 Madison This structure was built in 1955 to provide a simulated zero-gravity environment in which engineers, designers, and astronauts could perform the various phases of research needed to gain firsthand knowledge concerning design and operation problems associated with working in space. It contributed significantly to the United States space program, especially Project Gemini, the Apollo program, Skylab, and the Space Shuttle.
26† Propulsion and Structural Test Facility 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 Huntsville
 Madison This site was built in 1957 by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and was the primary center responsible for the development of large vehicles and rocket propulsion systems. The Saturn Family of launch vehicles was developed here under the direction of Wernher von Braun. The Saturn V remains the most powerful launch vehicle ever brought to operational status, from a height, weight and payload standpoint.
27† Redstone Test Stand 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 Huntsville
 Madison This steel frame structure was built in 1953 and is the oldest static firing facility at the Marshall Space Flight Center. It was important in the development of the Jupiter-C and Mercury/Redstone vehicles that launched the first U.S. satellite and the first U.S. manned spaceflight.
28† St. Andrew's Episcopal Church 01973-11-07November 7, 1973 Prairieville
 Hale This small Carpenter Gothic church, with wooden buttresses, was built in 1853, and shows the influence of 19th-century architectural leader Richard Upjohn. It is considered one of the Southeast's outstanding examples of the picturesque movement in American church building.
29† Saturn V Dynamic Test Stand 01985-10-03October 3, 1985 Huntsville
 Madison Built in 1964 to conduct mechanical and vibrational tests on the fully assembled Saturn V rocket; major problems capable of causing failure of the vehicle were discovered and corrected here.
30† Saturn V Launch Vehicle 01987-02-10February 10, 1987 Huntsville
 Madison This was the prototype for the Saturn V launch vehicle and was the first Saturn V constructed by the Marshall Space Flight Center under the direction of Dr. Wernher von Braun. It served as the test vehicle for the Saturn support facilities at the Marshall Space Flight Center.
31† Sixteenth Street Baptist Church 02006-02-20February 20, 2006 Birmingham
 Jefferson This church was used as a meeting place, training center, and as a departure point for marches during the Civil Rights Movement. It was the site of a bombing by the Ku Klux Klan on September 16, 1963, in which four young girls were killed and twenty-two others were injured.
32† Sloss Blast Furnaces 01981-05-29May 29, 1981 Birmingham
 Jefferson Built from 1881 to 1882, this is the oldest remaining blast furnace in the state. Its NHL designation represents Alabama's early 20th-century preeminence in the production of pig iron and cast iron, an example of a post-Civil War effort to industrialize the agrarian South.
33† Swayne Hall, Talladega College 01974-12-02December 2, 1974 Talladega
 Talladega Swayne Hall was built in 1857 as a Baptist men's college. Following the American Civil War, it became a part of Talladega College, Alabama's oldest private, historically black, liberal arts college.
Tuskegee Institute 01965-06-23June 23, 1965 Tuskegee
 Macon One of the best known African American universities in the United States, Tuskegee was founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881. It began with a curriculum designed to provide industrial and vocational education to African Americans and featured such acclaimed educators as George Washington Carver. Tuskegee Institute is both a National Historic Landmark and a National Historic Site.
35† Wilson Dam 01966-11-13November 13, 1966 Florence
 Colbert and Lauder-
dale		 Wilson Dam, on the Tennessee River, was built between 1918 and 1925 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and later came under the control of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). It is the oldest of TVA's hydroelectric dams.
36† Yuchi Town Site 01996-06-19June 19, 1996 Fort Benning
 Russell This archaeological site was occupied by the Apalachicola and Yuchi tribes. During the 17th century, the Apalachicola tribe allied with the Spanish in Florida against the English in Carolina and were ultimately destroyed as a culture. The Yuchi tribe settled here later and constantly shifted their alliances with various European powers, until they were displaced by the expanding American frontier in the Southeast in the early 19th century.

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