Until 308 BC Carthage was ruled, at least officially, by monarchs, in the sense of the word that executive power was held by one person. It also seems for the time period below to have been passed down in the clan of the Magonids. The title itself was most likely Suffete.:
Didoian
- Dido 814 – circa 760 BC (queen)
- unknown
- Hanno I c. 580 – c. 556 BC
- Malchus c. 556 – c. 550 BC
Magonids
- Mago I c. 550 – c. 530 BC
- Hasdrubal I c. 530 – c. 510 BC
- Hamilcar I c. 510–480 BC
- Hanno II 480–440 BC
- Himilco I (in Sicily) 460–410 BC
- Hannibal I 440–406 BC
- Himilco II 406–396 BC
- Mago II 396–375 BC
- Mago III 375–344 BC
- Hanno III 344–340 BC
Hannonian
- Hanno the Great 340–337 BC
- Gisco 337–330 BC
- Hamilcar II 330–309 BC
- Bomilcar 309–308 BC
In 480 BC, following Hamilcar I's death, the king lost most of his power to an aristocratic Council of Elders. In 308 BC, Bomilcar attempted a coup to restore the monarch to full power, but failed, which led to Carthage becoming in name as well as in fact a republic.
Famous quotes containing the words list of, list, monarchs and/or carthage:
“The advice of their elders to young men is very apt to be as unreal as a list of the hundred best books.”
—Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841–1935)
“A man’s interest in a single bluebird is worth more than a complete but dry list of the fauna and flora of a town.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“There was about all the Romans a heroic tone peculiar to ancient life. Their virtues were great and noble, and these virtues made them great and noble. They possessed a natural majesty that was not put on and taken off at pleasure, as was that of certain eastern monarchs when they put on or took off their garments of Tyrian dye. It is hoped that this is not wholly lost from the world, although the sense of earthly vanity inculcated by Christianity may have swallowed it up in humility.”
—Herman Melville (1819–1891)
“To Carthage then I came”
—T.S. (Thomas Stearns)