Until 308 BC Carthage was ruled, at least officially, by monarchs, in the sense of the word that executive power was held by one person. It also seems for the time period below to have been passed down in the clan of the Magonids. The title itself was most likely Suffete.:
Didoian
- Dido 814 – circa 760 BC (queen)
- unknown
- Hanno I c. 580 – c. 556 BC
- Malchus c. 556 – c. 550 BC
Magonids
- Mago I c. 550 – c. 530 BC
- Hasdrubal I c. 530 – c. 510 BC
- Hamilcar I c. 510–480 BC
- Hanno II 480–440 BC
- Himilco I (in Sicily) 460–410 BC
- Hannibal I 440–406 BC
- Himilco II 406–396 BC
- Mago II 396–375 BC
- Mago III 375–344 BC
- Hanno III 344–340 BC
Hannonian
- Hanno the Great 340–337 BC
- Gisco 337–330 BC
- Hamilcar II 330–309 BC
- Bomilcar 309–308 BC
In 480 BC, following Hamilcar I's death, the king lost most of his power to an aristocratic Council of Elders. In 308 BC, Bomilcar attempted a coup to restore the monarch to full power, but failed, which led to Carthage becoming in name as well as in fact a republic.
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“Lastly, his tomb
Shall list and founder in the troughs of grass
And none shall speak his name.”
—Karl Shapiro (b. 1913)
“O for a Muse of fire, that would ascend
The brightest heaven of invention!
A kingdom for a stage, princes to act,
And monarchs to behold the swelling scene!”
—William Shakespeare (1564–1616)
“To Carthage then I came”
—T.S. (Thomas Stearns)