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- Palm oil - the most widely produced tropical oil. Also used to make biofuel.
- Panax ginseng -
- Panax quinquefolius -
- Ponch phoran -
- Pandan leaf -
- Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) -
- Papain - A cysteine protease hydrolase enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).
- Paprika red
- Paprika -
- Paprika extract -
- Paraffins - glazing agent
- Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) -
- Patent blue V - color (blue)
- Peanut oil/Ground nut oil - mild-flavored cooking oil.
- Pecan oil - valued as a food oil, but requiring fresh pecans for good quality oil.
- Pectin - vegetable gum, emulsifier
- Perilla seed oil - high in omega-3 fatty acids. Used as an edible oil, for medicinal purposes, in skin care products and as a drying oil.
- Phosphated distarch phosphate - thickener, vegetable gum
- Phosphoric acid - food acid
- Phytic acid - preservative
- Pigment Rubine - color
- Pimaricin - preservative
- Pine needle oil
- Pine seed oil - an expensive food oil, used in salads and as a condiment.
- Pistachio oil - strongly flavored oil, particularly for use in salads.
- Prune kernel oil - marketed as a gourmet cooking oil
- Poly vinyl pyrrolidone -
- Polydextrose - humectant
- Polyethylene glycol 8000 - antifoaming agent
- Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids - emulsifier
- Polyglycerol polyricinoleate - emulsifier
- Polymethylsiloxane - antifoaming agent
- Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate - emulsifier
- Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate - emulsifier, stabilizer
- Polyphosphates - mineral salt, emulsifier
- Polysorbate 20 - emulsifier
- Polysorbate 40 - emulsifier
- Polysorbate 60 - emulsifier
- Polysorbate 65 - emulsifier
- Polysorbate 80 - emulsifier
- Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone - color stabiliser
- Pomegranate seeds (though some consider these a fruit, not a spice)
- Ponceau 4R - color (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8)
- Ponceau 6R - color
- Ponceau SX - color
- Poppy seed -
- Poppyseed oil - used for cooking, moisturizing skin, and in paints, varnishes and soaps.
- Potassium acetates - preservative, acidity regulator
- Potassium adipate - food acid
- Potassium alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
- Potassium aluminium silicate - anti-caking agent
- Potassium ascorbate - antioxidant (water soluble)
- Potassium benzoate - preservative
- Potassium bicarbonate - mineral salt
- Potassium bisulfite - preservative, antioxidant
- Potassium bromate - flour treatment agent
- Potassium carbonate - mineral salt
- Potassium chloride - mineral salt
- Potassium citrates - food acid
- Potassium ferrocyanide - anti-caking agent
- Potassium fumarate - food acid
- Potassium gluconate - stabiliser
- Potassium hydrogen sulfite - preservative, antioxidant
- Potassium hydroxide - mineral salt
- Potassium lactate - food acid
- Potassium malate - food acid
- Potassium metabisulfite - preservative, antioxidant
- Potassium nitrate - preservative, color fixative
- Potassium nitrite - preservative, color fixative
- Potassium phosphates - mineral salt
- Potassium propionate - preservative
- Potassium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent
- Potassium sodium tartrate - food acid
- Potassium sorbate - preservative
- Potassium sulfate - mineral salt, seasoning
- Potassium sulfite - preservative, antioxidant
- Potassium tartrates - food acid
- Powdered Cellulose - anti-caking agent
- Primrose (Primula) — candied flowers, tea
- Processed Eucheuma seaweed - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
- Propane-1,2-diol alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
- Propionic acid - preservative
- Propyl gallate - antioxidant
- Propylene glycol - humectant
- Propylene glycol alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
- Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids - emulsifier
- Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) - preservative
- Pumpkin seed oil - a specialty cooking oil, produced in Austria and Slovenia. Doesn't tolerate high temperatures.
- Pulegone
- Purslane -
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) -
Read more about this topic: List Of Food Additives